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MEMORIAL  DAY 


May  Thirtieth 
1916 


CIRCULAR 


COMPILED  BY 

H.  T.  SWIFT 
Department  of  Publicity 


UNDER  DIRECTION  OF 

FRANCIS  G.  BLAIR 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 

[Printed  by  authority  of  the  State  of  Illinois.] 


SCHNEPP  &  BARNES,  STATE  PRINTERS 

SPRINGFIELD,  ILL. 

1916. 


A 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE. 

Illinois   Centennial 5 

Preparation  for  the  Centennial 6 

The  Prairie  State    (poem) 7 

Lincoln's  Life  as  Written  by  Himself 8 

Lincoln's  Autobiography 9 

The  Humble  Birth    12 

His   Photograph    (poem) 18 

As  We  Knew  Him  (poem) 19 

The  Perfect  Tribute 21 

Lincoln    (poem)    22 

"Fifty  Years  After,  A  Reverie" 24 

Address  on  the  Battlefield  of  Gettysburg 26 

The  South  and  Abraham  Lincoln  (poem) 26 

Lincoln,  the  Man  of  the  People 27 

Nancy   Hanks    28 

Lincoln     (poem)     29 

Tribute   to   Lincoln 30 

Letter  from  Robert  T.  Lincoln 31 

Two  Great  Sons  of  Illinois 35 

Stephen  A.  Douglas 37 

Douglas   and   Lincoln 39 

Douglas,    the    Patriot 42 

Lincoln  and  Douglas  in  School  Convention 43 

Stephen   A.   Douglas 44 

The  True  Ideals  of  Douglas 46 

General   Ulysses   S.   Grant's   Chronology 48 

Childhood  of  Ulysses  S.  Grant 49 

A  Hero  of  Peace  and  War 51 

Reminiscences  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant 52 

Grant  Takes  Command  of  the  Twenty-first  Illinois 55 

Grant's  Account  of  the  Meeting  with  Lincoln 56 

Lincoln's   Letter   to   Grant 57 

A  Letter  From  Gen.  Grant's  Daughter 59 

Oration  on  IT.  S.  Grant 61 

Funeral  Oration  on  General  Grant 62 

Tribute  to  General  Grant 63 

Some  Sayings  of  General  Grant 63 

Tribute  to  General  Grant . .  .64 


STATE  CAPITOL. 


ILLINOIS     CENTENNIAL. 


To  TEACHERS  AND  PUPILS  : 

In  1918  Illinois  will  celebrate  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  its 
statehood.  Every  teacher  and  pupil  in  the  schools  of  the  State  should 
have  a  part  in  that  celebration.  Scholars  and  artists  will  use  their 
learning  and  powers  to  recreate  the  great  events  of  our  history.  Brush 
and  canvas,  chisel  and  stone  will  reembody  for  us  some  of  the  men 
who  wrought  mightily  to  lay  the  foundations  of  this  commonwealth. 
Volumes  will  be  written  to  revive  the  life  and  spirit  of  the  pioneers. 
Orators  will  breathe  into  the  nostrils  of  a  dead  past  the  breath  of  a  new 
life.  In  great  pageants  and  plays  we  shall  see  the  glorious  history  of 
Illinois  pass  before  us. 

All  of  which  will  be  very  right  and  proper  as  an  expression  of  our 
honor  and  respect  for  a  State  with  such  traditions  and  such  achieve- 
ments. But  no  scholar,  no  artist,  no  orator  can  make  such  worthwhile 
and  abiding  contributions  to  this  celebration  as  the  teacher.  It  is  hers 
to  write  these  precious  records  in  thoughts  of  boys  and  girls.  Only 
her  brush  can  touch  the  canvas  of  the  child's  imagination  until  it  is 
radiant  with  the  dreams  and  visions  of  the  past.  Out  of  the  quarries 
of  their  hearts  and  minds  she  must  dig  and  carve  the  imperishable  forms 
of  the  heroic  men  and  measures  of  bygone  days.  Into  the  throbbing, 
growing  ideals  of  their  lives  she  alone  can  breathe  the  spirit  of  the  past, 
the  present  and  the  future.  Whether  in  the  crowded  buildings  of  our 
great  cities  or  in  the  little  one-room  school  in  the  open  country,  the 
teacher  will  erect  the  most  fitting  and  most  abiding  memorials  to  the 
greatness  and  worth  of  our  past  history. 

To  assist  teachers  in  this  great  work  the  Memorial  Day  Annual 
will,  for  three  issues,  carry  matter  and  suggestions  relating  to  the  Cen- 
tennial Celebration.  This  issue  is  given  over  to  three  great  Illinoisans, 
Lincoln,  Douglas  and  Grant. 


Superintendent. 


PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CENTENNIAL. 


The  General  Assembly  has  created  two  commissions,  whose  work  is  to 
prepare  for  the  celebration  of  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  the 
commonwealth. 

The  first  of  these  commissions,  called  the  Centennial  Building  Commis- 
sions, consists  of — 

Governor  Edward  F.  Dunne,  (ex  officio). 

Secretary  of  State  Lewis  G.  Stevenson,  (ex  officio). 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Francis  G.  Blair,  (ex  officio). 

President  State  Historical  Society,  Dr.  Otto  L.  Schmidt,  (ex  officio). 

President  Historical  Library  Board,  Dr.  E.  B.  Greene,  (ex  officio). 

Hon. 

Organization  of  the  Commission: 
•  Lewis  G.  Stevenson,  President. 

Arthur  M.  Fitzgerald,  Secretary. 

The  object  of  this  commission  is  to  acquire  land  and  erect  a  building 
thereon  which  shall  be  occupied  in  time  by  the  office  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instructioo,  the  State  Historical  Library,  the  State  Historical 
Society,  the  State  Library,  Memorial  Hall,  the  State  Archives,  and  other 
related  matters. 

It  is  not  the  intention  that  the  entire  building  shall  be  erected  at  once. 
The  Legislature  has  appropriated  $125,000  which  added  to  $100,000  raised  by 
the  citizens  of  Springfield  and  to  the  amount  realized  on  the  sale  of  houses 
on  the  purchased  land,  will  enable  the  commission  to  purchase  the  land  and 
to  erect  a  portion  of  this  educational  building,  which  will  be  dedicated  in 
1918  as  the  Centennial  building. 

The  act  creating  this  commission  designates  the  tract  of  ground  which 
shall  be  purchased  and  gives  the  commission  power  to  condemn.  The  tract 
described  lies  between  South  Second  and  Spring  Streets  and  between  Charles 
and  Edwards  Streets.  On  this  tract  of  land  is  the  old  Edwards  home  in  which 
Abraham  Lincoln  and  Mary  Todd  were  married. 

The  second  commission  created  by  the  Legislature  is  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tennial Commission.  Its  duties  are: 

1st.  To  arrange  for  and  conduct  a  celebration  in  honor  of  the  Centennial 
of  the  admission  of  the  State  of  Illinois  to  the  Federal  Union. 

2d.  To  compile  and  publish  a  commemorative  history  of  the  State. 

3d.  To  report  to  the  fiftieth  General  Assembly  the  arrangement  for  such 
celebration. 

This  committee  as  appointed  by  the  Governor  and  organized  is  as  follows: 

Dr.  Otto  L.  Schmidt,  Chairman,  38  South  Dearborn.  Street,  Chicago. 

Mrs.  Jessie  Palmer  Weber,  Secretary,  Statehouse,  Springfield. 

Hon.  Hugh  S.  Magill,  Jr.,  Leland  Office  Building,  Springfield. 

Prof.  E.  B.  Greene,  315  Lincoln  Hall,  Urbana. 

Judge  Thomas  F.  Scully,  County  Building,  Chicago. 

Hon.  John  E.  Traeger,  County  Building,  Chicago. 

Rev.  Frederick  Siedenburg,  617  Ashland  Block,  Chicago. 

Hon.  Oscar  W.  Eckland,  6410  Kenwood  Avenue,  Chicago. 

Hon.  Nicholas  S.  Duncan,  LaSalle. 

Hon.  M.  J.  Daugherty,  Galesburg. 

Hon.  John  Schultz,  Beardstown. 

Hon.  Peter  A.  Waller,  Kewanee. 

Rev.  Royal  W.  Ennis,  Hillsboro. 

Dr.  Edward  Bowe,  Jacksonville. 

Dr.  Charles  H.  Starkel,  Belleville. 

Further,  the  Legislature  has  authorized  the  State  Art  Commission  to 
erect  on  the  Capitol  grounds  of  Springfield,  statues  of  Abraham  Lincoln  and 
Stephen  A.  Douglas  as  one  of  the  great  features  of  the  Centennial  Celebration. 
The  Art  Commission  has  secured  the  services  of  two  eminent  sculptors  and 
the  work  is  going  forward. 

Every  effort  will  be  made  by  the  various  commissions  to  create  a  State 
wide  interest  in  this  centennial  anniversary.  Much  of  the  permanent  good 
which  comes  out  of  such  a  celebration  must  come  through  the  work  of  our 
schools  and  educational  institutions. 


7 
THE    PRAIRIE    STATE. 


The  prairies  of  the  silent  past 

Have  risen  in  their  might, 

And  human  hearts  by  millions  here 

Have  met  the  world's  delight ! 

In  all  the  joy  and  moan  of  time 

Our  crested  shield  shall  be, 

The  eagle's  poised  and  burnished  wings 

And  flag  of  liberty ! 

Refrain. 

Awake,  and  sing  the  land  we  love, 
And  life's  bright  dream  of  joy, 
The  Prairie  State  of  kindly  fate, 
Our  dear  old  Illinois  ! 

The  native  violet,  still  blooms 

In  glory  of  the  spring, 

Mid  haunts  where  waking  prairie  larks 

In  notes  of  transport  sing ! 

On  happy  breasts  may  it  be  worn, 

And  cheer  each  heart  forlorn — 

Blue  violet  of  Illinois 

In  dew  and  beauty  born ! 

Great  Lincoln  wrought  for  humankind 

In  early  Illinois, 

And  reared  a  throne  for  humble  worth 

That  time  can  not  destroy; 

Age  after  age  his  Springfield  home 

Shall  myriads  revere, 

And  pilgrims  bow  uncovered  heads 

To  dust  that  resteth  here! 

* 

The  noble  lives  that  here  went  down 
Have  left  an  afterglow, 
And  promise  of  to-morrow  fair 
The, Prairie  State  shall  know; 
With  flowers  of  gratitude  we'll  deck 
Each  lone  or  shafted  mound, 
That  watches  toward  thy  eastern  sky 
With  flush  of  morning  crowned ! 

Long  as  Chicago  towers  in  strength 

And  Michigan  doth  roar, 

And  Father  of  the  Waters  moves 

Along  thy  glorious  shore, 

For  thee,  for  thee  eternally 

Is  love  naught  can  destroy, 

And  true  hearts  be  thy  bulwarks  strong, 

Oh,  dear  old  Illinois ! 

— John  F.  Howard,  Silver  Lake  Assembly,  New  York. 
(Copyright  1916  by  John  F.  Howard.) 


BIRTHPLACE  OF  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN. 


LINCOLN'S    LIFE    AS    WRITTEN    BY    HIMSELF. 


The  compiler  of  the  "Dictionary  of  Congress"  states  that  while 
preparing  that  work  for  publication  in  1858,  he  sent  to  Mr.  Lincoln  the 
usual  request  for  a  sketch  of  his  life,  and  received  the  following  reply: 

"Born  February  12,  1809,  in  Hardin  County,  Kentucky. 

"Education  defective.    Profession  a  lawyer.    Have  been  a  captain 
of  volunteers  in  Black  Hawk  War.     Postmaster  at  a  very  small  office. 
Four  times  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  lower  House  of  Congress. 
"Yours,  etc., 

"A.  LINCOLN." 


9 
LINCOLN'S    AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 

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11 


12 
THE    HUMBLE    BIRTH. 


[By  DENNIS  HANKS  in  the  Wanamaker  Primer.] 

NOTE — Dennie  Hanks  was  a  cousin  of  Nancy  Hanks.  He  lived  near  the  Lin- 
coins  in  Kentucky  and  followed  them  to  Indiana  and  then  over  into  Illinois.  He 
spent  his  last  days  in  the  city  of  Charleston,  Illinois.  The  language  in  which  he 
describes  his  experience  is  the  language  of  the  backwoods  of  Kentucky.  Such  men, 
with  bright  and  vigorous  minds  may  seem  ignorant  to  us  because  of  their  true 
language.  The  fact  that  Abraham  Lincoln  springing  from  the  same  stock  came  to 
write,  the  pure  strong  English  of  the  Gettysburg  speech  furnishes  a  striking  and 
interesting  contrast. 

"Tom  an'  Nancy  (Lincoln's  father  and  mother)  lived  on  a  farm 
about  two  miles  from  us  when  Abe  was  born.  I  ricollect  Tom  comin' 
over  to  our  house  one  cold  mornin'  in  Feb'uary  an'  sayin'  kind  o'  slow  : 

"  'Nancy's  got  a  baby  boy.' 

"Mother  got  flustered,  an'  hurried  up  her  work  to  go  over  to  look 
after  the  little  feller,  but  I  didn't  have  nothin'  to  wait  fur,  so  I  cut  an' 
run  the  hull  two  mile  to  see  my  new  cousin. 

"You  bet  I  was  tickled  to  death !  Babies  wasn't  as  common  as 
blackberries  in  the  woods  of  Kaintucky.  Mother  come  over  an'  washed 
him  an'  put  a  yaller  flannen  petticoat  on  him,  an'  cooked  some  dried 
berries  with  wild  honey  fur  Nancy,  an'  slicked  things  up  an'  went 
home.  An'  that's  all  the  nuss'n  either  of  'em  got. 

"Folks  often  ask  me  if  Abe  was  a  good-lookin'  baby.  Well,  now, 
he  looked  just  like  any  other  baby  at  fust — like  red  cherry  pulp 
squeezed  dry.  An'  he  didn't  improve  any  as  he  growed  older.  Abe 
never  was  much  fur  looks.  1  ricollect  how  Tom  used  to  joke  about 
Abe's  long  legs  when  he  was  toddlin'  'round  the  cabin.  He  growed 

out  o'  his  clo'es  faster'n  Nancy  could  make  'em." 

*  *  *  •  *  *  *  * 

"Abe  never  gave  Nancy  no  trouble  after  he  could  walk,  excep'  to 
keep  him  in  clothes.  Most  o'  the  time  we  went  bar' foot.  Ever  wear 
a  wet  buckskin  glove?  Them  moccasins  wasn't  no  protection  ag'inst 
the  wet;  birch  bark  with  hickory  bark  soles,  strapped  on  over  yarn 
socks,  beat  buckskin  all  holler,  fur  snow.  Abe  n'  me  got  purty  handy 
contrivin'  things  that  way.  An'  Abe  was  right  out  in  the  woods,  about 
as  soon's  he  was  weaned,  fishin'  in  the  crik,  settin'  traps  fur  rabbits 
an'  muskrats,  goin'  on  coon-hunts  with  Tom  an'  me  an'  the  dogs, 
follerin'  up  bees  to  find  bee  trees,  an'  drappin'  corn  fur  his  pappy. 
Mighty  interestin'  life  fur  a  boy,  but  thar  was  a  good  many  chances  he 
wouldn't  live  to  grow  up." 

******* 

[Article  by  DENNIS  HANKS  in  The  American  Magazine.} 
"I  reckon  it  was  thinkin'  o'  Nancy,"  says  Dennis  Hanks,  "an' 
things  she'd  said  to  him  that  started  Abe  to  studyin'  that  next  winter. 
He  could  read  an'  write,  Nancy  an'  me'd  1'arnt  him  that  much  an' 
he'd  gone  to  school  a  spell,  but  it  was  nine  mile  there  an'  back,  an'  a 
pore  make-out  fur  a  school  anyhow.  Tom  said  it  was  a  waste  o'  time, 
an'  I  reckon  he  was  right.  But  Nancy  kep'  urgin'  Abe.  'Abe,'  she'd 
say,  'you  1'arn  all  you  kin,  an'  be  some  account,'  an'  she'd  tell  him 
stories  about  George  Washington,  an'  say  that  Abe  had  jist  as  good 
Virginny  blood  in  him  as  Washington.  Maybe  she  stretched  things 
some,  but  it  done  Abe  good. 


13 

"Well,  me'n  Abe  spelled  through  Webster's  spellin'  book  twict 
before  he  got  tired.  Then  he  tuk  to  writin'  on  the  puncheon  floor,  the 
fence  rails  an'  the  wooden  fire-shovel,  with  a  bit  o'  charcoal.  We  got 
some  wrappin'  paper  over  to  Gentryville,  an'  I  made  ink  out  o'  black- 
berry-briar root  an'  copperas.  It  et  the  paper  into  holes.  Got  so  I 
could  cut  good  pens  out  o'  turkey  buzzard  quills.  It  pestered  Tom  a 
heap  to  have  Abe  writin'  all  over  everything,  but  Abe  was  jist  wrapped 
up  in  it. 

"  'Denny,'  he  sez  to  me  many  a  time,  'look  at  that,  will  you?  "Abra- 
ham Lincoln."  That  stands  fur  me.  Don't  look  a  blamed  bit  like  me.' 
An'  he'd  stand  an'  study  it  a  spell.  Teared  to  mean  a  heap  to  Abe. 
When  Tom  got  mad  at  his  markin'  the  house  up,  Abe  tuk  to  markin' 
trees  Tom  wanted  to  cut  down,  with  his  name,  an'  writin'  it  in  the  sand 
at  the  deer  lick. 

"I  reckon  Abe'd  a'  got  discouraged  about  1'arnin'  after  awhile 
if  it  hadn't  be'n  fur  his  stepmother.  We  was  all  nigh  about  tickled 
to  death  when  Tom  brung  a  new  wife  home.  She'd  be'n  Sairy  Bush, 
an'  Tom'd  be'n  in  love  with  'er  before  he  met  up  with  Nancy,  but  her 
folks  wouldn't  let  Tom  have  'er,  because  he  was  shif'less.  So  she  mar- 
ried a  man  named  Johnston  an'  he  died.  Then  her  an'  Tom  got  mar- 
ried. She  had  three  children  of  'er  own  an'  a  four  hoss  wagon  load  o' 
goods ;  feather  pillers  an'  homespun  blankets,  an'  patchwork  quilts  an' 
a  chist  o'  drawers,  an'  a  flax  wheel,  an'  a  soap  kettle,  an'  cookin'  pots 
an'  pewter  dishes. 

"Yes,  Aunt  Sairy  was  a  woman  o'  propputy  an'  could  'a'  done 
better,  I  reckon,  but  Tom  had  a  kind  o'  way  with  the  women,  an'  maybe 
it  was  somethin'  she  tuk  comfort  in  to  have  a  man  that  didn't  drink  an' 
cuss  none.  She  made  a  heap  more  o'  Tom,  too,  than  poor  Nancy  did. 
Before  winter  he'd  put  in  a  new  floor,  he'd  whipsawed  an'  planed  it 
off  so  she  could  scour  it ;  made  some  good  beds  an'  cheers,  an'  tinkered 
at  the  roof  so  it  couldn't  snow  in  on  us  boys  that  slep'  in  the  loft. 
Purty  soon  we  had  the  best  house  in  the  kentry.  Thar  was  eight  of  us 
then  to  do  fur,  but  Aunt  Sairy  had  faculty  an'  didn't  'pear  to  be  hur- 
ried or  worried  none. 

"She  wasn't  thar  very  long  before  she  found  out  how  Abe  hank- 
ered after  books.  She  heard  him  talkin'  to  me,  I  reckon.  'Denny,'  he'd 
say,  'the  things  I  want  to  know  is  in  books.  My  best  frien's  the  man 
who'll  git  me  one.' 

"Well,  books  wasn't  as  plenty  as  wild  cats,  but  I  got  him  one  by 
cuttin'  cordwood.  Abe'd  lay  on  his  stummick  by  the  fire  an'  read  out 
loud  to  me  an'  Aunt  Sairy,  an'  we'd  laugh  when  he  did,  though  I  reckon 
it  went  in  at  one  ear  an'  out  at  the  other  with  'er,  as  it  did  with  me. 
Tom'd  come  in  an'  say :  'See  here,  Abe,  your  mother  kain't  work  with 
you  a-botherin'  her  like  that,'  but  Aunt  Sairy  always  said  it  didn't 
bother  her  none,  an'  she'd  tell  Abe  to  go  on.  I  reckon  that  encouraged 
Abe  a  heap. 

"  'Abe,'  sez  I,  many  a  time,  'them  yarns  is  all  lies.' 
'  'Mighty  darned  good  lies/  he'd  say,  an'  go  on  readin'  an'  chuck- 
lin'  to  hisself,  till  Tom'd  kiver  up  the  fire  fur  the  night  an'  shoo  him  off 
to  bed. 


14 


MURAL,  PAINTING  IN  CAPITOL  BUILDING  SHOWING  LINCOLN  ON  FLAT- 
BOAT    ON    SANGAMON    RIVER    NEAR    NEW    SALEM. 

"This  picture  is  crude  and  inaccurate.  The  flatboat  built  by  Lin- 
coln, and  by  him  piloted  to  New  Orleans-,  was  larger  than  the  one  here 
portrayed,  and  the  structure  over  the  dam  belittles  the  real  mill. 
There  was  not  only  a  gristmill,  but  also  a  sawmill.  The  mill  was  built  in 
1829.  March  5,  1830,  we  find  John  Overstreet  averring  before  the  county 
commissioners  'that  John  Cameron  and  James  Rutledge  have  erected  a 
milldam  on  the  Sangamon  River  which  obstructs  the  navigation  of  said 
river;'  and  Cameron  and  Rutledge  are  ordered  to  alter  the  dam  so  as  to 
restore  'safe  navigation.'  James  M.  Rutledge  of  Petersburg,  a  nephew 
of  the  mill  owner,  helped  build  the  mill,  and  says:  'The  mill  was  a  frame 
structure,  and  was  solidly  built.  They  used  to  grind  corn  mostly,  though 
some  flour  was  made.  At  times  they  would  run  day  and  night.  The  sawmill 
had  an  old-fashioned  upright  saw,  and  stood  on  the  bank.'  For  a  time  this 
mill  was  operated  by  Denton  Offutt,  under  the  supervision  of  Lincoln.  A 
few  stakes,  a  part  of  the  old  dam,  still  show  at  low  water." 

— From  "The  Early  Life  of  Lincoln,"  by  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  assisted  by  J.  McCan  Davis. 


15 


MURAL   PAINTING   IN    CAPITOL,   BUILDING    SHOWING    STREET   IN   NEW 

SALEM. 

"New  Salem  was  founded  by  James  Rutledge  and  John  Cameron  in  1829. 
In  that  year  they  built  a  dam  across  the  Sangamon  River,  and  erected  a 
mill.  Under  date  of  October  23,  1829,  Reuben  Harrison,  surveyor,  certifies 
that  'at  the  request  of  John  Cameron,  one  of  the  proprietors,  I  did  survey 
the  town  of  New  Salem.'  The  town  within  two  years  contained  a  dozen  or 
fifteen  houses,  nearly  all  of  them  built  of  logs.  New  Salem's  population 
probably  never  exceeded  a  hundred  persons.  Its  inhabitants,  and  those  of 
the  surrounding  country,  were  mostly  Southerners — natives  of  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee — though  there  was  an  occasional  Yankee  among  them.  Soon 
after  Lincoln  left  the  place,  in  the  spring  of  1837,  it  began  to  decline. 
Petersburg  had  sprung  up  two  miles  down  the  river,  and  rapidly  absorbed 
its  population  and  business.  By  1840  New  Salem  was  almost  deserted.  The 
Rutledge  tavern,  the  first  house  erected,  was  the  last  to  succumb.  It  stood 
for  many  years,  but  at  last  crumbled  away.  Salem  hill  is  now  only  a  green 
cow  pasture." 

— From  "The  Early  Life  of  Lincoln,"  by  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  assisted  by  J.  McCan  Davis. 


16 

"I  reckon  Abe  read  that  book  (Arabian  Nights)  a  dozen  times  an' 
knowed  all  the  yarns  by  heart.  He  didn't  have  nothin  much  else  to 
read,  excep'  Aunt  Sairy's  Bible.  He  cut  four  cords  o'  wood  onct 
to  git  one  stingy  little  slice  of  a  book.  It  was  a  life  o'  Washington; 
an  he'd  lay  over  the  statoots  (Statutes)  o'  Indiany  half  the  night. 

"We'd  get  hold  o'  a  newspaper  onct  in  a  while,  an'  Abe  1'arned 
Henry  Clay's  speeches  by  heart.  He  liked  the  stories  in  the  Bible,  too, 
an'  he  got  a  little  book  of  fables  some'ers.  I  reckon  it  was  them 
stories  he  read  that  give  him  so  many  yarns  to  tell.  I  asked  him  onct 
after  he'd  gone  to  lawin'  an'  could  make  a  jury  laugh  or  cry  by  firm' 
a  yarn  at  'em. 

"  'Abe,'  sez  I,  'whar  did  you  git  so  blamed  many  lies  ?'  An'  he'd 
always  say,  'Denny,  when  a  story  Tarns  you  a  good  lesson,  it  ain't  no 
lie.  God  tells  truth  in  parables.  They're  easier  fur  common  folks 
to  understand  an'  ricollect.'  His  stories  was  like  that. 

"Seems  to  me  now  I  never  seen  Abe  after  he  was  twelve  'at  he 
didn't  have  a  book  in  his  hand  or  in  his  pocket.  He'd  put  a  book  inside 
his  shirt  an'  fill  his  pants  pockets  with  corn  dodgers  an'  go  off  to  plow 
or  hoe.  When  noon  come  he'd  set  under  a  tree  an'  read  an'  eat.  An' 
when  he  come  to  the  house  at  night,  he'd  tilt  a  cheer  back  by  the  chimb- 
ley,  put  his  feet  on  the  rung,  an'  set  on  his  back-bone  an'  read.  Aunt 
Sairy  always  put  a  candle  on  the  mantel-tree  piece  fur  him,  if  she  had 
one.  An'  as  like  as  not  Abe'd  eat  his  supper  thar,  takin'  anything  she'd 
give  him  that  he  could  gnaw  at  an'  read  at  the  same  time.  I've  seen 
many  a  feller  come  in  an'  look  at  him,  Abe  not  knowin'  anybody  was 
'round,  an'  sneak  out  again  like  a  cat,  an'  say:  'Well,  I'll  be  darned.' 
It  didn't  seem  natural  nohow, -to  see  a  feller  read  like  that.  Aunt 
Sairy'd  never  let  the  children  pester  him.  She  always  declared  Abe 
was  goin'  to  be  a  great  man  some  day,  an'  she  wasn't  goin'  to  have  him 
hendered. 

"You  bet  he  was  too  smart  to  think  everything  was  in  books. 
Sometimes,  a  preacher  'r  a  circuit-ridin'  judge  'r  lyyer  'r  a  stump- 
speakin'  polytician  'r  a  school  teacher'd  come  along.  When  one  o' 
them  rode  up,  Tom'd  go  out  an'  say:  'Light,  stranger,'  like  it  was 
polite  to  do.  Then  Abe'd  come  lopin'  out  on  his  long  legs,  throw  one 
over  the  top  rail,  an'  begin  firin'  questions.  Tom'd  tell  him  to  quit, 
but  it  didn't  do  no  good,  so  Tom'd  have  to  bang  him  on  the  side  of  the 
head  with  his  hat.  Abe'd  go  off  a  spell  an'  fire  sticks  at  the  snow-birds 
an'  whistle  like  he  didn't  keer. 

"  Tap  thinks  it  ain't  polite  to  ask  folks  so  many  questions,'  he'd 
say.  'I  reckon  I  wasn't  born  to  be  polite.  There's  so  many  things  I 
want  to  know.  An'  how  else  am  I  going  to  git  to  know  'em  ?'  " 


RESIDENCE  OF  NINIAN  W.  EDWARDS  IN  SPRINGFIELD,  ILLINOIS,  IN 
WHICH  LINCOLN  AND  MARY  TODD  WERE  MARRIED  NOVEMBER  4, 
1842.  MRS.  LINCOLN  DIED  THERE  JULY  16,  1882. 


18 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN. 

HIS  PHOTOGRAPH. 

A  blend  of  mirth  and  sadness,  smiles  and  tears; 
A  quaint  knight  errant  of  the  pioneers; 
A  homely  hero,  born  of  star  and  sod ; 
A  Peasant  Prince ;  a  masterpiece  of  God. 

— Walter  Malone. 


19 


AS    WE    KNEW    HIM. 


We  claim  him  as  our  hero, 

Now  that  the  world  has  placed 

High  on  the  scroll  of  fame 

His  valiant  deeds  and  honored  name, 

It  was  not  always  thus. 

We  could  not  understand 

How  homely  face  and  awkward  form 

Would  be  immortalized  in  bronze 

To  mark  through  ages,  the  memory 

Of  one  we  loved. 

But  so  it  was,  his  loving  heart 

For  those  oppressed,  contained 

The  spark  which  smouldered  on 

Until  the  Nation  craved  its  warmth. 

No  wonder  that  we  understood  him  not, 

When  e'en  the  wisest  could  not  see 

The  need  of  such  a  man. 

We  met  him  oft  upon  our  busy  streets 

His  stalwart  form  and  graceless  walk 

Claimed  special  notice  because 

He  was  distinct. 

We  did  not  recognize  the  man, 

That  Kings  and  Queens  so  soon  would  know, 

In  height  he  measured  six  feet  four, 

But  that  which  makes  the  man 

Cannot  be  told  in  inches  and  in  feet. 

His  simple  words  that  often 

Reached  our  ears, 

Seemed  commonplace  to  us, 

But  when  at  Gettysburg, 

He  used  words  just  as  plain, 

The  same  became  a  classic 

To  wise  and  learned  men. 

The  mighty  hand  that  we  so  fondly  grasped 

The  one  that  wielded  well  the  ax ; 

The  same  hand  was  that  penned  the  words 

Of  freedom  to  four  million  blacks. 

— A.  L.  Converse,  Springfield,  Illinois,  February  1Z,  1913. 


20 


OIL,  PAINTING  OF  LINCOLN  IN  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 
SPRINGFIELD. 


THE    PERFECT    TRIBUTE. 


[MARY  RAYMOND  SHIPMAN  ANDREWS.] 

On  the  morning  of  November  18,  1863,  a  special  train  drew  out 
from  Washington,  carrying  a  distinguished  company.  The  presence 
with  them  of  the  Marine  Band  from  the  Navy  Yard  spoke  a  public 
occasion  to  come,  and  among  the  travelers  there  were  those  who  might 
be  gathered  only  for  an  occasion  of  importance.  There  were  judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  there  were  heads  of  depart- 
ments ;  the  general-in-chief  of  the  army  and  his  staff;  members  of  the 
cabinet.  In  their  midst,  as  they  stood  about  the  car  before  settling 
for  the  journey,  towered  a  man  sad,  preoccupied,  unassuming;  a  man 
awkward  and  ill-dressed;  a  man,  as  he  leaned  slouchingly  against  the 
wall,  of  no  grace  of  look  or  manner,  in  whose  haggard  face  seemed 
to  be  the  suffering  of  the  sins  of  the  world.  Abraham  Lincoln,  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  journeyed  with  his  party  to  assist  at  the 
consecration,  the  next  day,  of  the  national  cemetery  at  Gettysburg. 
The  quiet  November  landscape  slipped  past  the  rattling  train,  and  the 
President's  deep-set  eyes  stared  out  at  it  gravely,  a  bit  listlessly.  From 
time  to  time  he  talked  with  those  who  were  about  him ;  from  time  to 
time  there  were  flashes  of  that  quaint  wit  which  is  linked,  as  his  great- 
ness, with  his  name,  but  his  mind  was  to-day  dispirited,  unhopeful.  The 
weight  on  his  shoulders  seemed  pressing  more  heavily  than  he  had 
courage  to  press  back  against  it,  the  responsibility  of  one  almost  a 
dictator  in  a  wide,  war-torn  country  came  near  to  crushing,  at  times, 
the  mere  human  soul  and  body.  There  was,  moreover,  a  speech"  to  be 
made  to-morrow  to  thousands  who  would  expect  their  President  to  say 
something  to  them  worth  the  listening  of  a  people  who  were  making 
history ;  something  brilliant,  eloquent,  strong.  The  melancholy  gaze 
glittered  with  a  grim  smile.  He — Abraham  Lincoln — the  lad  bred  in 
a  cabin,  tutored  in  rough  schools  here  and  there,  fighting  for,  snatch- 
ing at  crumbs  of  learning  that  fell  from  rich  tables,  struggling  to  a 
hard  knowledge  which  well  knew  its  own  limitations — it  was  he  of 
whom  this  was  expected.  He  glanced  across  the  car.  Edward  Everett 
sat  there,  the  orator  of  the  following  day,  the  finished  gentleman,  the 
careful  student,  the  heir  of  traditions  of  learning  and  breeding,  of 
scholarly  instincts  and  resources.  The  self-made  President  gazed  at 
him  wistfully.  From  him  the  people  might  expect  and  would  get  a 
balanced  and  polished  oration.  For  that  end  he  had  been  born,  and 
inheritance  and  opportunity  and  inclination  had  worked  together  for 
that  end's  perfection.  While  Lincoln  had  wrested  from  a  scanty 
schooling  a  command  of  English  clear  and  forcible  always,  but,  he 
feared,  rough-hewn,  lacking,  he  feared,  in  finish  and  in  breadth — of 
what  use  was  it  for  such  a  one  to  try  to  fashion  a  speech  fit  to  take  a 


22 


LINCOLN  MONUMENT  AT  SPRINGFIELD. 

LINCOLN. 


[By  J.  T.  TROWBRIDGE.] 

Heroic  soul,  in  homely  garb  half  hid, 

Sincere,  sagacious,  melancholy,  quaint ; 

What  he  endured,  no  less  than  what  he  did, 

Has  reared  his  monument,  and  crowned  him  saint. 


23 

place  by  the  side  of  Everett's  silver  sentences?  He  sighed.  Yet  the 
people  had  a  right  to  the  best  he  could  give,  and  he  would  give  them  his 
best ;  at  least  he  could  see  to  it  that  the  words  were  real  and  were  short ; 
at  least  he  would  not,  so,  exhaust  their  patience.  And  the  work  might 
as  well  be  done  now  in  the  leisure  of  the  journey.  He  put  a  hand,  big, 
powerful,  labor-knotted,  into  first  one  sagging  pocket  and  then  another, 
in  search  of  a  pencil,  and  drew  out  one  broken  across  the  end.  He 
glanced  about  inquiringly — there  was  nothing  to  write  upon.  Across 
the  car  the  Secretary  of  State  had  just  opened  a  package  of  books  and 
their  wrapping  of  brown  paper  lay  on  the  floor,  torn  carelessly  in  a 
zigzag.  The  President  stretched  a  long  arm. 

"Mr.  Seward,  may  I  have  this  to  do  a  little  writing?"  he  asked, 
and  the  Secretary  protested,  insisting  on  finding  better  material. 

But  Lincoln,  with  few  words,  had  his  way,  and  soon  the  untidy 
stump  of  a  pencil  was  at  work  and  the  great  head,  the  deep-lined  face, 
bent  over  Seward's  bit  of  brown  paper,  the  whole  man  absorbed  in  his 
task. 

Earnestly,  with  that  "capacity  for  taking  infinite  pains"  which  has 
been  defined  as  genius,  he  labored  as  the  hours  flew,  building  together 
close-fitted  word  on  word,  sentence  on  sentence.  As  the  sculptor  must 
dream  the  statue  prisoned  in  the  marble,  as  the  artist  must  dream  the 
picture  to  come  from  the  brilliant  unmeaning  of  his  palette,  as  the 
musician  dreams  a  song,  so  he  who  writes  must  have  a  vision  of  his 
finished  work  before  he  touches,  to  begin  it,  a  medium  more  elastic, 
more  vivid,  more  powerful  than  any  other — words — prismatic  bits 
of  humanity,  old  as  the  Pharaohs,  new  as  the  Arabs  of  the  street, 
broken,  sparkling,  alive,  from  the  age-long  life  of  the  race.  Abraham 
Lincoln,  with  the  clear  thought  in  his  mind  of  what  he  would  say,  found 
the  sentences  that  came  to  him  colorless,  wooden.  A  wonder  flashed 
over  him  once  or  twice  of  Everett's  skill  with  the  symbols  which,  it 
seemed  to  him,  were  to  the  Bostonian  a  keyboard  facile  to  make  music, 
to  Lincoln  tools  to  do  his  labor.  He  put  the  idea  aside,  for  it  hindered 
him.  As  he  found  the  sword  fitted  to  his  hand  he  must  fight  with  it ; 
it  might  be  that  he,  as  well  as  Everett,  could  say  that  which  should 
go  straight  from  him  to  his  people,  to  the  nation  who  struggled  at  his 
back  towards  a  goal.  At  least  each  syllable  he  said  should  be  chiseled 
from  the  rock  of  his  sincerity.  So  he  cut  here  and  there  an  adjective, 
here  and  there  a  phrase,  baring  the  heart  of  his  thought,  leaving  no 
ribbon  or  flower  of  rhetoric  to  flutter  in  the  eyes  of  those  with  whom 
he  would  be  utterly  honest.  And  when  he  had  done  he  read  the  speech 
and  dropped  it  from  his  hand  to  the  floor  and  stared  again  from  the 
window.  It  was  the  best  he  could  do,  and  it  was  a  failure.  So,  with 
the  pang  of  the  workman  who  believes  his  work  done  wrong,  he  lifted 
and  folded  the  torn  bit  of  paper  and  put  it  in  his  pocket,  and  put  aside 
the  thought  of  it,  as  of  a  bad  thing  which  he  might  not  better,  and 
turned  and  talked  cheerfully  with  liis  friends. 


"FIFTY   YEARS   AFTER,   A   REVERIE." 


[From  "Lincoln  at  Gettysburg" — CLARK  E.  CARR.] 

On  a  bright  November  afternoon  of  long  ago  when  the  autumn 
leaves  were  tinged  with  a  thousand  hues  of  beauty,  upon  an  eminence 
in  the  midst  of  a  great  plain  bounded  by  lofty  mountains,  I  saw  a  vast 
concourse  of  men  and  women.  I  saw  among  them  illustrious  warriors, 
gifted  poets,  and  profound  statesmen.  I  saw  ambassadors  of  mighty 
empires,  governors  of  great  commonwealths,  ministers  of  cabinets,  men 
of  high  position  and  power.  I  saw  above  their  heads,  upon  every  hand, 
a  starry  banner,  dropping  under  the  weight  of  sombre  drapery.  I  saw 
men  and  women  standing  among  new-made  graves,  overwhelmed  with 
grief  which  they  vainly  endeavored  to  conceal.  I  knew  that  I  was  in 
the  midst  of  a  people  bowing  under  great  affliction,  of  a  land  stricken 
with  sorrow.  I  knew  that  the  tide  of  destruction  and  death  had  not 
ceased  to  ebb  and  flow,  but  that  at  that  moment  the  fate  of  my  country 
was  trembling  in  the  balance,  her  only  hope  in  the  fortitude  and  valor 
of  her  sons,  who  were  baring  their  breasts  to  storms  of  shot  and  shell 
only  a  few  miles  away. 

I  saw  standing  in  the  midst  of  that  mighty  assembly  a  man  of 
majestic  yet  benignant  mien,  of  features  worn  and  haggard,  but  beam- 
ing with  purity,  with  patriotism,  and  with  hope.  Every  eye  was  di- 
rected towards  him,  and,  as  men  looked  into  his  calm,  sad,  earnest 
face,  they  recognized  the  great  President,  the  foremost  man  of  the 
world,  not  only  in  position  and  power  but  in  all  the  noblest  attributes 
of  humanity. 

When  he  essayed  to  speak,  such  solemn  silence  reigned  as  when, 
within  consecrated  walls,  men  and  women  feel  themselves  in  the  pres- 
ence of  Deity.  Each  sentence,  slowly  and  earnestly  pronounced,  as  its 
full  import  was  apprehended,  sank  into  every  patriotic  heart,  gave  a 
strange  lustre  to  every  face,  and  nerved  every  arm.  In  those  utterances, 
the  abstract,  the  condensation,  the  summing  up  of  American  patriotism, 
were  contained  the  hopes,  the  aspirations,  the  stern  resolves,  the  conse- 
cration upon  the  altar  of  humanity,  of  a  great  people. 

From  the  hour  of  that  solemn  dedication  the  final  triumph  of  the 
loyal  hosts  was  assured.  As  the  Christian  day  by  day  voices  the  sacred 
prayer  given  him  by  his  Saviour  so  the  American  Patriot  will  continue 
to  cherish  those  sublime  sentiments  and  inspired  words.  While  the 
Republic  lives  he  will  continue  to  repeat  them,  and  while,  realizing 
all  their  solemn  significance,  he  continues  to  repeat  them,  the  Republic 
will  live. 


MARBLE  STATUE  OF  LINCOLN  IN  STATEHOUSE,   SPRINGFIELD. 


26 
ADDRESS  ON  THE  BATTLEFIELD  OF  GETTYSBURG. 


[At  the  Dedication  of  the  Cemetery,  November  19,  1863.] 

Four  score  and  seven,  years  ago  our  fathers  brought  forth  on  this 
continent  a  new  nation,  conceived  in  Liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the 
proposition  that  all  men  are  created  equal. 

Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  Civil  War,  testing  whether  that 
nation,  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can  long  endure. 
We  are  met  on  a  great  battlefield  of  that  war.  We  have  come  to  dedi- 
cate a  portion  of  that  field  as  a  final  resting  place  for  those  who  here 
gave  their  lives  that  that  nation  might  live.  It  is  altogether  fitting  and 
proper  that  we  should  do  this. 

But,  in  a  larger  sense,  we  can  not  dedicate — we  can  not  consecrate 
—we  can  not  hallow — this  ground.  The  brave  men,  living  and  dead, 
who  struggled  here,  have  consecrated  it,  far  above  our  poor  power  to 
add  or  detract.  The  world  will  little  note,  nor  long  remember  what  we 
say  here,  but  it  can  never  forget  what  they  did  here.  It  is  for  us  the 
living,  rather,  to  be  didicated  here  to  the  unfinished  work  which  they 
who  fought  here  have  thus  far  so  nobly  advanced.  It  is  rather  for  us 
to  be  here  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining  before  us — that  from 
these  honored  dead  we  take  increased  devotion  to  that  cause  for  which 
they  gave  the  last  full  measure  of  devotion — that  we  here  highly  resolve 
that  these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in  vain — that  this  nation,  under  God, 
shall  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom — and  that  government  of  the  people, 
by  the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth. 


THE    SOUTH    AND    ABRAHAM    LINCOLN. 


[From  "A  Tribute  from  the  South,"  by  Hon.  JOSEPH  T.  ROBINSON, 
U.  S.  Senator  from  Arkansas.] 

When  the  spirit  of  revenge  has  seized  the  souls  of  many  then  in 
power ;  when  the  South  lay  at  the  feet  of  the  Union  armies ;  when  the 
multitudes  were  crying  "Hang  the  Rebels!"  and  "Little  Tad,"  God 
bless  his  memory,  said  "No,  let's  not  hang  them ;  let's  hang  on  to  them," 
Mr.  Lincoln  declared  "Tad  is  right ;  let's  hang  on  to  them ;  not  hang 
them."  Thus  was  epitomized  the  policy  pursued  in  the  restoration  of 
the  seceding  states.  Thus  was  exemplified  the  resolute  mercy  of  him 
whom  the  South  had  hated,  but  who,  unresentfully,  stood  as  a  "pillar 
of  cloud  by  day  and  fire  by  night"  between  what  remained  of  her 
civilization  and  destruction.  It  is  for  this  magnanimous  service  that 
the  South  reverently  joins  the  North  in  celebrating  this  occasion ;  com- 
missions me  to  bring  a  white  rose  plucked  by  the  daughter  of  a  Con- 
federate soldier  from  a  garden  blooming  in  the  heart  of  Dixie.  If 
Mr.  Lincoln  were  now  alive  there  is  not  a  home  in  all  the  South  that 
would  not  give  him  joyous  welcome.  The  surviving  followers  of  the 
dauntless  Lee,  untitled  knights  in  grey,  would  combine  with  the  scat- 
tered fragments  of  Grant's  legion  to  form  his  guard  of  honor. 


27 
LINCOLN,    THE    MAN     OF    THE    PEOPLE. 


[EDWIN  MARKHAM.] 

When  the  Norn-Mother  saw  the  Whirlwind  Hour, 

Greatening  and  darkening  as  it  hurried  on, 

She  bent  the  strenuous  heavens  and  came  down 

To  make  a  man  to  meet  the  mortal  need. 

She  took  the  tried  clay  of  the  common  road — 

Clay  warm  yet  with  the  genial  heat  of  Earth, 

Dashed  through  it  all  a  strain  of  prophecy ; 

Then  mixed  a  laughter  with  the  serious  stuff. 

It  was  a  stuff  to  wear  for  centuries, 

A  man  that  matched  the  mountains  and  compelled 

The  stars  to  look  our  way  and  honor  us. 

The  color  of  the  ground  was  in  him,  the  red  earth; 

The  tang  and  odor  of  the  primal  things — 

The  rectitude  and  patience  of  the  rocks ; 

The  gladness  of  the  wind  that  shakes  the  corn ; 

The  courage  of  the  bird  that  dares  the  sea; 

The  justice  of  the  rain  that  loves  all  leaves ; 

The  pity  of  the  snow  that  hides  all  scars; 

The  loving  kindness  of  the  wayside  well ; 

The  tolerance  and  equity  of  light  that  gives  as  freely  to 

The  shrinking  weed  as  to  the  great  oak  flaring  to  the  wind- 

The  grave's  low  hill  as  to  the  Matterhorn 

That  shoulders  out  the  sky. 

And  so  he  came. 

From  prairie  cabin  to  the  Capital, 

One  fair  Ideal  led  our  chieftain  on. 

Forevermore  he  burned  to  do  his  deed 

With  the  fine  stroke  and  gesture  of  a  king, 

He  built  the  rail  pile  as  he  built  the  state, 

Pouring  his  splendid  strength  through  every  blow, 

The  conscience  of  him  testing  every  stroke, 

To  make  his  deed  the  measure  of  a  man. 

So  came  the  captain  with  the  mighty  heart  ; 
And  when  the  step  of  Earthquake  shook  the  house, 
Wrenching  the  rafters  from  their  ancient  hold, 
He  held  the  ridge  pole  up,  and  spiked  again 
The  rafters  of  the  Home.    He  held  his  place — 
Held  the  long  purpose  like  a  growing  tree — 
Held  on  through  blame  and  faltered  not  at  praise. 
And  when  he  fell  in  Whirlwind,  he  went  down 
As  when  a  kingly  cedar  green  with  boughs 
Goes  down  with  a  great  shout  upon  the  hills, 
And  leaves  a  lonesome  place  against  the  sky. 


NANCY  HANKS  LINCOLN.  MOTHER  OF  ABRAHAM  LINCOLN. 

Monument  Erected  to  Nancy  Hanks  Lincoln  at  Her  Grave  Near  Lincoln  City, 
Spencer  Co.,  Indiana,  Through  the  Generosity  of  Col.  J.  S.  Culver,  Springfield, 
111.,  From  the  Old  Stone  of  the  Lincoln  Monument  at  Springfield.  Monument 
Dedicated  October  1,  1902. 


NANCY    HANKS. 


[From  "A  Tribute  From  the  South" — by  Hon.  JOSEPH  T.  ROBINSON, 
U.  S.  Senator  from  Arkansas.] 

Poor  Nancy  Hanks!  For  every  joy  life  brought  to  you,  there 
came  a  thousand  woes !  For  every  day  of  calm  and  sun,  a  year  of 
storm  and  gloom !  Into  your  grave  unspoken  went  the  story  of  your 
sorrow  and  sufferings.  Yours  was  a  life  of  obscurity.  To  your  son 
was  transmitted  a  heritage  of  fellowship  for  common  people,  a  capacity 
for  mighty  duties,  never  one  neglected  or  forgotten.  The  hardships  of 
humble  birth,  poverty  and  toil,  gave  a  color  to  the  life  of  Mr.  Lincoln 
which  never  faded,  stored  in  his  mind  a  knowledge  of  common  things, 
and  a  familiarity  with  the  trivial  achievements  and  weighty  cares  of 
the  humble. 


LINCOLN. 


[By  ODILLON  B.  SLANE.] 
From  a  cabin  to  the  White  House, 

And  from  poverty  to  power, 
Rose  the  nation's  valiant  chieftain 

In  that  dark  and  trying  hour ; 
When  the  cry  was — "Save  the  union," 

When  the  thunder  drums  of  war 
Filled  the  soldier  heart  with  courage, 

Rallying  thousands  from  afar. 

From  a  cabin  to  the  White  House, 

All  his  genius  could  employ 
The  heritage  that  followed, 

From  the  State  of  Illinois 
Where  he  met  the  giant,  Douglas, 

On  the  platform  in  our  state, 
How  they  wrestled  with  each  other, 

These  great  masters  of  debate. 

From  a  cabin  to  the  White  House, 

In  the  early  sixties — when 
The  battle  cry  of  freedom 

Had  inspired  the  hearts  of  men ; 
The  chief -of  a  mighty  nation, 

With  a  stroke  of  his  mighty  pen, 
Wrote  out  the  Emancipation, 

Breathing  liberty  again. 

From  a  cabin  to  the  White  House, 

Half  a  century  ago, 
From  Sumter  to  Appomattox 

Waged  the  struggle  to  and  fro ; 
Now  advancing — now  retreating — 

Now  with  Sherman  to  the  sea, 
The  conflict  only  ended 

When  Grant  met  General  Lee. 

From  a  cabin  to  the  White  House, 

And  breasting  the  stars  and  bars, 
Bearing  high  our  nation's  ensign, 

The  glorious  stripes  and  stars, 
Increasing  true  devotion. 

In  this  land  of  Freedom's  birth, 
Where  government  of  the  people 

Shall  not  perish  from  the  earth. 


30 


THE  LINCOLN  HOME,  SPRINGFIELD. 


TRIBUTE  TO  LINCOLN. 


A  man  of  great  ability,  pure  patriotism,  unselfish  nature,  full  of 
forgiveness  to  his  enemies,  bearing  malice  toward  none,  he  proved  to  be 
the  man  above  all  others  for  the  struggle  through  which  the  nation  had 
to  pass  to  place  itself  among  the  greatest  in  the  family  of  nations. 
His  fame  will  grow  brighter  as  time  passes  and  his  great  work  is  better 
understood. 

— U.  S.  Grant. 


31 


MY  DEAR  MR.  BLAIR: 


1775  N  STREET, 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

April  21,   /p/d. 


Of  course  I  heartily  sympathize  with  the  object  of  your  Memorial 
Day  pamphlet,  for  the  young  people  of  to-day  ought  to  be  made  to 
know  as  much  as  possible  of  the  great  events  in  our  history  of  fifty 
years  ago,  and  of  the  great  moral  forces  by  which  they  were  brought 
about.  I  am,  however,  going  to  ask  you  to  excuse  me  from  writing  the 
letter  you  suggest ;  in  the  years  gone  by  I  have  taken  some  part  in 
Memorial  Day  celebrations  because  I  have  thought  it  my  duty  as  an 
individual  to  do  so,  but  always  with  some  hesitation  for  on  such  an 
occasion  it  is  impossible  that  the  part  my  father  took  in  those  events 
should  not  be  the  matter  of  especial  comment  and  I  have  always  felt 
more  comfortable  in  leaving  to  others  entirely,  speech-making  occa- 
sions or  letter-writing  occasions  in  which  the  events  of  his  life  were  apt 
to  be  the  subject  of  commendation.  Instead  of  diminishing,  this  feel- 
ing has  grown  upon  me. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)  ROBERT  T.  LINCOLN. 

Hon.  FRANCIS  G.  BLAIR, 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 


MURAL  DECORATION  IN  THE  ROTUNDA   OF  THE   CAPITOL  BUILDING,   SPRING 

AT  SHEL 


33 


ELD,  BY  NICOLAI  SHOWING  THE  DEBATE  BETWEEN  LINCOLN  AND  DOUGLAS 
VILLE. 


34 


STEPHEN  A.   DOUGLAS. 


35 


TWO    GREAT    SONS    OF    ILLINOIS. 


[Hon.  EDWARD  F.  DUNNE  Springfield,  111.] 

One  hundred  years  ago,  in  a  little  village  in  Vermont,  there  was 
born  a  man,  who,  when  he  arrived  at  the  years  of  manhood,  made  his 
home  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  who,  from  the  time  when  he  came 
to  this  State,  until  the  time  of  his  untimely  death  in  1861,  was  one  of 
the  great  intellectual  leaders,  not  only  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  but  of 
the  United  States  of  America. 

In  the  political  struggles  which  attracted  the  attention  not  only 
of  this  State,  but  of  the  whole  United  States,  he  became  one  of  the 
great  moving  figures,  and  in  his  intellectual  combats  with  another 
great  Illinoisan,  Abraham  Lincoln,  he  riveted  the  attention  of  tha 
whole  of  the  United  States  upon  the  issues  of  his  day. 

These  two  great  sons  of  Illinois  became  so  prominent  in  the  politi- 
cal life  of  the  United  States  that  they  were  both  nominated  for  the 
highest  executive  office  in  the  gift  of  the  people  of  the  United  States, 
and  after  a  most  memorable  struggle,  Abraham  Lincoln,  his  competitor, 
was  elected  President  of  the  United  States. 

At  this  juncture  this  nation  was  faced  with  a  situation  full  of  peril, 
if  not  complete  extinction,  and  upon  that  great  occasion  the  man  whose 
name  we  now  meet  to  commemorate,  proved  himself  a  patriot  among 
patriots,  and  next  to  Abraham  Lincoln,  himself,  did  more  for  the 
preservation  of  the  integrity  of  the  United  States  than  any  other  man 
within  its  confines. 


36 


STEPHEN   A.   DOUGLAS. 

[By  CLARK  E.  CARR.] 


FIRST  APPEARANCE  IN  ILLINOIS. 

Slender  of  figure,  only  five  feet  four  in  height,  and  only  twenty 
years  old,  without  a  friend  and  with  scarcely  an  acquaintance  within 
a  thousand  miles,  with  but  a  few  cents  in  his  pocket,  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las, in  the  spring  of  1833,  walked  into  the  town  of  Winchester  in  Scott 
County,  Illinois,  with  his  coat  on  his  arm,  in  the  hope  of  being  able  to 
find  employment. 

As  he  proceeded  along  the  main  street  of  the  town  he  saw  quite 
a  number  of  people  assembled,  and  learned  that  there  was  to  be  an 
auction  of  the  goods  and  chattels  and  livestock  of  some  citizen  of  the 
county.  The  young  man  paused  to  ask  a  question,  when  he  was  asked 
whether  he  could  write  and  keep  accounts ;  to  which  he  replied  in  the 
affirmative.  It  was  then  proposed  to  him  that  he  act  as  clerk  of  the 
auction,  and  he  engaged  to  do  so  at  the  wages  of  two  dollars  a  day. 
The  auction  continued  for  three  days,  and  he  was  paid  six  dollars  for 
his  services. 

This  was  the  first  money  he  ever  earned. 

The  young  man  soon  found  an  opportunity  for  more  permanent 
employment  by  opening  a  private  school.  He  got  together  forty  schol- 
ars for  a  term  of  three  months,  at  three  dollars  a  scholar,  which  gave 
him  enough  for  his  immediate  wants.  He  had  studied  the  law  in  an 
eastern  state  and,  while  thus  teaching,  he  continued  that  study. 

Within  ten  years  after  that  friendless  boy  nvalked  into  that  town, 
he  had  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  immediately  becoming  a  successful 
lawyer ;  had  been  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature ;  had  been  prose- 
cuting attorney;  had  been  register  of  the  land  office  at  Springfield;  had 
been  Secretary  of  State  of  Illinois;  had  been  a  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Illinois,  presiding  upon  the  bench;  and  was  on  his  way  to 
Washington  to  take  his  seat  in  the  Lower  House  of  Congress,  to  which 
position  he  had  been  elected.  When  the  congressional  term  expired  he 
was  reelected  and  then  reelected  again,  each  time  by  increased  majori- 
ties. When  about  to  enter  upon  his  third  term  in  the  Lower  House  of 
Congress  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  six  years. 
When  that  term  in  the  Senate  expired  he  was  reelected  for  another 
term  practically  without  opposition.  Six  years  later  he  was  confronted 
by  Abraham  Lincoln  in  the  great  debates ;  he  was  victorious,  and  was 
reelected  to  a  third  term ;  upon  this  he  served  but  little  more  than  two 
years,  when  he  died  at  forty-eight  years  of  age. 


38 


OIL  PAINTING  OF  DOUGLAS  IN  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES, 
SPRINGFIELD. 


39 
DOUGLAS    AND    LINCOLN. 


[By  U.  S.  Senator  LAWRENCE  Y.   SHERMAN,  taken  from  a  speech 

delivered  at  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  birth  of  Stephen  A. 

Douglas  in  the  House  of  Representatives  Hall,  Springfield,  Illinois, 

April  23,  1913.] 

There  are  few  who  come  here,  who  know  the  history  of  this 
country,  who  do  not,  at  the  same  time  they  pay  a  tribute  to  Lincoln, 
remember  his  great  colleague  in  that  struggle,  because  in  its  finish  he 
was  a  colleague. 

From  this  capital  at  one  time  there  originated  a  forensic  struggle 
that  was  titanic  in  its  elements  and  in  its  actors. 

It  is  difficult,  after  more  than  half  a  century  has  elapsed,  to  study 
the  controversy  and  the  men  who  conducted  it,  without  a  quickening 
pulse,  and  a  brightened  eye. 

Both  of  them  developed  their  peculiar  powers  in  the  pioneer  life 
of  Illinois.  Both  sprang  from  the  people. 

Both  had  the  same  inheritances  of  head,  and  heart  and  hand.  One 
was  a  woodman  and  a  flatboatman.  The  other  a  cabinetmaker.  One 
was  a  surveyor.  The  other  was  an  auctioneer's  clerk.  Both  were  law 
students.  Both  were  afterwards  lawyers,  both  were  members  of  the 
Legislature.  Both  were  stump  speech  debaters  in  the  manner  of  that 
time,  that  has  endured  unto  the  present  hour.  Both  became  the  chief 
of  great  political  parties.  Both  became  candidates  for  United  States 
Senator.  Both  were  candidates  for  the  Presidency,  but  always,  wher- 
ever they  were,  whether  in  the  midst  of  the  primeval  forest,  or  cross- 
ing the  channels  of  the  inland  rivers,  whether  they  were  in  court,  or 
in  a  campaign,  they  were  always  an  inspiration  and  type  for  the  youth 
of  the  country  to  emulate,  and  the  men  of  this  republic  to  admire. 

We  owe,  to-night,  to  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  this  tribute  to  his 
memory  and  our  respects  for  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  his 
birth. 

It  is  altogether  fit  and  proper  that  here  and  now  we  record  our 
devotion  to  his  life  and  to  his  public  services. 

:|;  ^  *  %  *  #  # 

When  the  flag  was  lowered  at  Sumter,  Douglas  became  the  first 
and  the  greatest  of  war  Democrats. 

He  pledged  his  help  to  Lincoln  to  maintain  the  Union,  and  he 
nobly  redeemed  his  promise. 

He  saw  armed  rebellion  lift  its  hand  against  a  people's  government. 
The  gathering  squadrons  of  disunion  hurried  to  the  fields  of  the  Civil 
War ;  but  amid  the  confusion  his  voice  always  rang  true.  "There  are 
no  neutrals  in  this  country.  There  are  none  but  patriots  and  traitors." 
The  words  printed  on  your  program  are  the  words  that,  if  any  great 
dome  should  be  erected  to  the  memory,  in  marble  and  bronze,  ought  to 
be  cut  on  its  base — these  words  that  are  the  words  of  one  who  believed 
in  this  Union  and  believed  it  was  worth  saving,  as  it  then  was. 

One  June  3,  1861,  he  died,  young  in  years,  but  fruitful  in  results. 
His  battle  cry  sounded  from  the  grave.  The  spirit  of  Douglas  rose, 
above  the  storm  of  civil  war,  from  Sumter  to  Appomattox. 


40 

The  men  who  followed  him  in  campaign,  met  treason  on  a  hundred 
fields.  They  gave  proof  of  their  devotion,  as  men  who  loved  the 
Union,  by  the  sacrifice  of  their  lives. 

There  was  no  party  in  the  service  that  Douglas  gave,  in  the  last 
remnants  of  his  broken  life.  In  the  last  supreme  test  his  heroic  figure, 
in  Illinois,  must  rise  alongside  of  the  memory  of  Lincoln.  He  was 
rightfully  called  the  "Little  Giant." 

Born  in  obscurity,  and  bred  in  poverty,  with  head  and  hand  and 
heart  imbued  with  valor  and  devotion,  he  lived  to  see  the  time  when 
he  was  the  leader  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  men  who  trusted  im- 
plicitly his  judgment,  his  honor,  his  wisdom,  his  courage. 

To  his  great  rival,  in  the  day  of  defeat,  he  gave  the  full  measure 
of  his  devotion.  He  was  great  in  life,  but  he  was  unspeakably  greater 
in  his  death. 


BATTLE   OF   FLAG   OF   FIFTEENTH    ILLINOIS    VOLUNTEERS. 

With  Names  of  Battles  Through  Which  It  Was  Carried — Shiloh,  Siege  of  Corinth 
and  Matamora.  Col.  A.  H.  Wheat.  Co.  F,  15th  111.  Vol.,  Is  Holding  the 
Flagstaff.  Comrade  W.  H.  Hodges,  Custodian  of  State  Memorial  Museum, 
Holds  the  Tattered  Emblem. 


41 


MARBLE  STATUE  OF  DOUGLAS  IN  STATEHOUSE,   SPRINGFIELD. 


DOUGLAS,    THE    PATRIOT. 


[By  U.  S.  Senator  JAMES  HAMILTON  LEWIS,  taken  from  a  speech 
delivered  at  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  birth  of  Stephen  A. 
Douglas  in  the  House  of  Representatives  Hall,  Springfield,  Illinois, 
April  23,  1913.] 

It  is  all  well  enough,  my  fellow  Illinoisans,  to  take  great  pride  in 
these  little  temporary  outbursts  of  enthusiasm  that  we  experience 
from  time  to  time  when  someone  attains  to  some  feat  that  is  known 
in  its  hour  as  an  achievement,  when  it  is  beheld  in  haste,  but — 

"The  tumult  and  the  shouting  dies, 
The  captains  and  the  kings  depart ; 

Still  stands  thine  ancient  sacrifice, 
A  humble  and  a  contrite  heart. 

Lord  God  of  Hosts,  be  with  us  yet — 
Lest  we  forget ;  Lest  we  forget !" 

We  go  in  this  hour  for  the  restoration  of  America,  back  to  the 
wisdom  of  other  days. 

If  America  is  to  be  preserved  to  her  children  as  the  inheritance 
of  freedom  and  justice,  as  transmitted  from  the  fathers  who  founded 
the  republic  of  Washington,  Jefferson,  and  Hamilton,  we  need  to  be 
restored  to  the  doctrines  of  Douglas  and  Lincoln,  which  followed  the 
sacred  path  of  Washington,  as  he  proclaimed,  in  his  farewell  message : 

"Peace  with  all  nations ; 

Entangling  alliances  with  none. 

Here,  upon  this  rock,  we  build  our  church !" 


THE  BATTLE  FLAG  OF  THIRTY -FIRST   ILLINOIS  VOLUNTEERS. 


43 

The  last  thought  which  shall  engage  my  attention  in  this  casual 
survey  of  this  distinguished  gentleman  shall  be  that  of  "Patriot,"  and 
that  splendid  loyalty  which  he  bore  to  his  country — as  his  country ! 

It  may  have  been,  gentlemen  of  Illinois,  that  he  must  forego  the 
hope  of  political  elevation ;  it  may  be  that  he  bade  good-bye  to  those 
flattering  huzzas  that  come  from  an  admiring  multitude ;  it  may  be  that 
he  kissed  farewell  to  many  ambitions  and  opportunities  that  his  heart 
cherished  and  his  soul  desired,  for  the  good  of  his  country,  and  his 
sincerity  as  a  patriot. 

Here  was  a  man  big  enough  to  realize  that  while  there  could  be 
personal  defeat  for  him,  through  such  defeat  there  could  be  victory  for 
that  which  was  beyond  and  superior  to  him — his  country ! 

His  was  the  creed  of  the  dictator  of  Tripoli :  "My  country !  May 
she  be  right ;  But,  right  or  wrong,  my  country !" 

Oh,  how  well  he  upheld  the  Constitution!  He  saw  the  prospect 
of  war,  and  he  realized  what  it  meant  to  this  Union.  He  did  all  he 
could  to  avert  it.  Indoors  and  out,  he  spoke  of  its  possibilities.  In 
public  places  and  in  private  chambers,  he  inveighed  against  those  who 
sought  to  bring  on  disaster.  With  every  expression  of  his  life,  he 
cried  for  peace  and  justice,  but  when  the  hour  came  that  was  inevitable, 
in  his  vision  he  saw  two  great  things,  the  fleets  mowed  down,  desolation 
in  the  cities,  the  tramp  of  soldiery  breaking  upon  the  ear,  mothers 
hugging  their  babes  to  their  bosoms,  baptizing  their  faces  to  the  falling 
tears,  as  the  first  born  had  fallen  upon  the  hills. 

He  realized  it  was  war!  There  was  but  one  place  for  him,  and 
that  was  the  Temple  of  the  Republic.  There  he  hastened,  in  great 
anxiety  for  his  country. 

He  was  a  citizen  of  Illinois !  He  was  the  compatriot  of  Lincoln ! 
He  was  the  devoted  son  of  the  Constitution,  and  it  was  in  that  hour 
that  the  splendor  of  his  character  rose  above  every  form  of  hostile 
accusation. 

Still  we  behold  him,  to-night,  in  the  retrospect,  sweet  and  gentle 
with  it  all ! 

Gentlemen,  I  can  possibly  appreciate  more  fully  the  situation  than 
many  of  you  who  honor  me  with  your  audience. 

I  recognize  that  with  these  distinguished  speakers  who  preceded 
me,  we  accord  to  all  men  to-night  that  which  they  did,  and  that  which 
they  said,  came  from  the  heart  that  beat  within  them,  came  from  the 
soul  of  duty,  as  it  was  defined  by  every  impulse  of  patriotism ! 

I  come  from  that  borderland,  where  on  a  thousand  hills  a  mother 
kissed  her  two  sons  goodbye,  and  sent  them  off  with  her  tears  upon 
their  cheeks,  one  to  die  for  his  country,  the  other  to  fall  for  his  home ! 

Blessed  be  he  that  speaketh  from  his  heart !  To-night  we  pray 
for  all,  in  common,  and  pray  they  rest  in  heaven  together.  I  therefore 
speak  of  them  as  one  who  speaks  of  the  common  country  preserved. 
I  delight  to-night  to  feel  that  the  sons  of  those  who  battled  together 
are  once  again  reunited. 

LINCOLN     AND    DOUGLAS   IN   SCHOOL   CONVENTION. 


A  second  convention  was  held  at  Vandalia,  December  5  and  6, 
1834,  at  which  sixty  delegates  were  present  from  over  thirty  counties 


44 

of  the  State — principally  members  of  the  General  Assembly  then  in 
session, — among  whom  were  Abraham  Lincoln,  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
and  others  whose  names  became  afterward  well  known  in  the  State. 
Hon  Cyrus  Edwards  was  chosen  president,  and  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
secretary. 

— From  Journal  of  Proceedings  of  the  Illinois  State  Teachers  Association  1869. 


STEPHEN    A.    DOUGLAS. 


[Hon.  WM.  L.  DAVIDSON,  Lewistown,  Illinois.] 

Lincoln  was  carefully  guarded  from  this  city  to  the  capitol  at 
Washington.  When  he  got  there,  on  that  fateful  day,  when,  on 
the  wide  steps  of  the  capitol,  he  was  administered  the  oath  of  office 
and  delivered  his  inaugural  address  and  threats  had  been  made 
everywhere  that  Lincoln  would  be  assassinated,  in  that  pregnant 
hour  when  you  would  think  the  great  leaders  of  that  party  would 
be  nearest  to  him  to  protect  him,  I  will  be  hanged  if  the  eminent 
leaders  were  not  behind  the  marble  pillars  or  somewhere  else,  and 
Stephen  A.  Douglas  was  beside  Lincoln,  holding  the  first  shiny  hat 
that  old  Abe  ever  had  in  his  life,  during  all  of  the  time  while  Lin- 
coln delivered  the  inaugural  address  and  took  the  oath  of  office. 

Don't  you  forget  it!  He  was  called  that  afternoon  to  the 
White  House.  The  lawn  of  the  White  House  was  covered  with 
politicians  seeking  office,  and  an  army  of  New  England  preachers 
who  had  come  to  tell  old  Abe  how  to  run  the  Government,  when 
a  magic  thing  occurred,  similar  to  that  which  happened  to  the 
children  of  Israel  when  Moses  made  the  waters  of  the  Red  Sea  part, 
side  by  side,  until  the  children  of  Israel  should  have  passed  through 
unharmed. 

Once  again,  the  vast  mass  of  people  there  in  the  White  House 
grounds,  by  some  authority  were  divided  in  two,  while  Stephen  A. 
Douglas,  the  senior  senator  of  Illinois,  was  admitted  to  the  pres- 
ence of  the  new  President  of  the  United  States. 

It  is  known  that  he  was  there  in  consultation  with  the  Presi- 
dent for  over  three  hours,  but  nobody  knows  all  that  occurred. 
The  only  thing  we  did  know,  even  at  the  time,  was  that  Douglas, 
weak,  infirm,  and  dying,  was  implored  to  come  back  to  Chicago, 
to  come  back  to  Springfield,  to  rally  the  democracy  to  the  support 
of  the  Union  and  the  flag.  You  know  what  happened.  *  *  * 

Then  and  there  he  told  them  the  story  of  the  South  plotting 
to  destroy  this  Union.  There  again  he  rallied  as  he  had  from  early 
youth,  the  democracy  of  Illinois  to  his  support  and  that  day  in  his 
last  great  speech  he  cried  out  to  them,  "No  longer  in  this  crisis  can 
there  be  democrats  and  republicans.  It  is  up  to  each  man  to 
decide  and  he  has  got  to  be  a  patriot  or  a  traitor." 

On  that  pregnant  day  I  want  to  tell  you  that  the  men  who  had 
been  unconsciously  fighting  the  Union,  were  induced  to  take  their 
places,  right-about-face,  in  the  support  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  con- 
stitutionally elected  to  the  Presidency.  They  took  up  their  loyalty 
to  the  flag  and  to  the  Union,  don't  you  forget  it!  Once  again  the 


45 


DOUGLAS  MONUMENT. 


46 

miracle  of  the  King  of  Galilee  was  performed  upon  the  earth  and 
at  that  voice  the  unconscious  waters  of  treason  were  changed  into 
the  rich  red  wine  of  patriotism,  to  the  flag  of  the  Union,  and  it  was 
the  voice  of  Douglas  that  did  it. 

O,  how  we  loved  him !  How  all  the  people  loved  him !  Just 
a  few  days  after  he  died,  strong  men  cried  in  every  street  and  ham- 
let of  this  country.  In  our  own  little  city,  I  remember  there  was 
a  Union  burial  service  for  Judge  Douglas.  The  distinguished  men 
of  both  parties  tried  in  vain  to  acknowledge  his  patriotism,  his 
magnanimity,  his  loyalty.  In  vain  they  tried  to  tell  it,  but  broke 
down  and  could  not  tell  the  story. 

There  was  our  choir  of  the  boys  and  girls,  sweet  girls  trying 
to  sing  for  the  dead  Douglas  the  requiems  only  sung  for  the  mighty 
men  of  earth  and  they  too,  with  tear-splashed  faces  and  quivering 
voices,  failed  and  gave  it  up.  They  could  not  sing  of  the  death 
of  that  man. 

Now  I  am  asking  you  and  I  am  here  just  this  brief  time,  to 
appeal  to  this  great  audience  in  the  city  of  Springfield,  the  people 
of  the  city  so  familiar  with  him,  to  join  me  in  the  general  effort  to 
bring  back  the  glowing  Douglas  to  life  once"  more,  to  rectify  the 
mistake  that  has  been  made,  to  fill  your  schools  and  homes  with 
loyalty  to  that  other  son  of  Illinois,  so  that  when  the  second  cen- 
tennial of  his  death  will  come,  a  grateful  people  will  have  erected, 
high  up  in  the  Nation's  hall  of  fame,  close  by  the  name  of  the  adored 
and  immortal  Lincoln,  erected  high  up  there  also  the  name  of  that 
other  darling  son  of  Illinois,  the  name  of  Stephen  Arnold  Douglas. 


THE    TRUE    IDEALS    OF    DOUGLAS. 


[By  Hon.  ROBERT  DICK  DOUGLAS,  taken  from  a  speech  delivered  at  the 
centennial  celebration  of  the  birth  of  Stephen  A  Douglas  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  Hall,  Springfield,  Illinois,  April  23, 
1913.] 

His  last  days  were  his  darkest  because  they  were  the  darkest 
for  his  beloved  country ;  but  those  days  gave  him  an  opportunity  of 
appearing  in  a  new  light  to  many  of  his  countrymen  who  had  there- 
tofore viewed  him  from  the  standpoint  of  partisan  opposition. 

The  gallant  political  army  he  had  so  long  and  so  brilliantly  led 
to  victory  had  at  last  been  defeated  and  the  National  Government 
put  into  the  hands  of  his  political  opponents ;  but  when  the  echo  of 
the  guns  at  Sumter  told  the  country  that  at  last  civil  war  was  a 
dreadful  reality,  he  did  not  hesitate,  but  promptly  offered  his  serv- 
ices to  the  Government  in  any  capacity  in  which  he  could  best  be 
used  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union,  and  immediately  began  his 
efforts  to  hold  loyal  the  great  Middle  West. 

Here  in  your  city  of  Springfield  was  made  one  of  his  last 
speeches  in  which  he  pleaded,  and  pleaded  not  in  vain,  that  all 
should  forget  past  differences  and  rally  to  the  support  of  the  Union. 


47 

How  great  was  his  love  for  the  Union,  how  intimately  it  was  inter- 
woven even  with  his  personal  affection,  is  shown  by  the  thoughts 
that  filled  his  mind  in  his  dying  moments. 

In  June,  1861,  he  lay  upon  his  bed  in  Chicago,  knowing  that 
his  end  had  come.  He  was  asked  if  he  had  any  message  to  send 
to  his  two  young  sons,  then  in  the  city  of  Washington.  "Yes," 
said  the  dying  man.  And  what  was  that  message?  "Tell  them 
to  obey  the  laws  and  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

But  the  man  himself  had  not  changed.  His  ideals  and  aspira- 
tions were  the  same  that  they  had  always  been.  His  love  for  the 
Union  was  no  stronger  in  1861  than  it  had  been  throughout  all  the 
years  during  which  he  had  been  striving  to  preserve  it.  It  was 
simply  that  his  former  opponents  were  seeing  the  same  man  in  a 
new  light. 

I  proudly  think  that  Stephen  A.  Douglas  would  have  been  a 
man  among  men  in  any  country  or  amidst  any  surroundings;  but 
I  do  not  forget  that  you,  the  people  of  the  great  State  of  Illinois, 
welcomed  the  unknown  boy  to  your  midst;  believed  in  him,  trusted 
him,  loved  him,  and  so,  wherever  their  home  or  whatever  their 
fortunes  or  their  destinies  may  be,  so  long  as  his  name  and  blood 
shall  last,  they  will  love  you  for  it. 

Whether  you,  looking  backward  in  the  light  of  subsequent 
events,  agree  or  disagree  with  the  ultimate  wisdom  of  each  par- 
ticular measure  which  he,  looking  into  the  unknown  future,  origi- 
nated, or  to  which  he  gave  his  aid,  is  a  matter  of  little  moment. 
But  as  one  who  through  filial  affection  reveres  his  memory,  as  one 
who  through  the  accident  of  birth  represents  him  here  to-day,  I  would, 
if  I  thought  the  occasion  fitting,  make  one  request  of  you — that  you 
give  him  credit  for  unselfish  sincerity  and  unfaltering  courage. 

Before  a  hostile  audience  I  would  make  this  request,  and  only 
this ;  but  standing  here  in  your  capitol  at  Springfield,  before  you, 
the  people  of  Illinois,  knowing  what  you  have  done  in  the  past, 
seeing  and  hearing  what  you  are  doing  to-day,  I  feel  that  such  a 
request  coming  from  me  would  by  implication  be  more  than  un- 
just, it  would  be  -most  ungracious. 

More  than  half  a  century  has  passed  since  Stephen  A.  Douglas 
ended  his  short  and  storm-tossed  life  and  laid  his  head  for  his 
last  long  sleep  on  the  bosom  of  his  adopted  mother.  Cities  have 
arisen  where  he  knew  only  prairies ;  a  new  generation  has  come  to 
take  the  places  of  his  friends  and  associates;  almost  all  has 
changed ;  but  Illinois  is  fast  making  real  his  fondest  dreams  of  her 
future  greatness,  and  the  nation  that  he  loved  has  escaped  the  fate 
he  feared  and  set  in  the  political  heavens  a  rainbow  of  perpetual 
Union. 

My  only  regret  is  that  he  could  not  have  lived  to  see  the  civic 
tempest,  which  beclouded  his  dying  hours,  give  place  to  the  sunshine 
of  to-day. 


GRANTS    IlIHTHl'LACE, 


L.KASANT,    OHIO. 


BIRTHPLACE  OF  ULYSSES   S.   GRANT. 


GENERAL  ULYSSES     S.     GRANT'S     CHRONOLOGY. 


1822— Born,  Point  .Pleasant,  Ohio,  April  27. 

1839 — Entered  West  Point  Military  Academy. 

1843— Graduated  from  West  Point. 

1845 — Entered  the  Mexican  war. 

1848 — Married  Miss  Julia  Dent,  near  St.  Louis. 

Was  stationed  at  Detroit  and  at  Sacket's  Harbor,  New  York. 
1852 — Sent  to  Pacific  coast. 
1854 — Resigned  from  army. 

Began  farming  near  St.  Louis. 
1859 — Entered  real  estate  business  in  St.  Louis. 
1860 — Employed  in  a  leather  store  at  Galena,  Illinois. 
1861 — Entered  the  army  as  colonel  of  the  Twenty-first  Illinois  Regiment. 

Promoted  to  Brigadier-General. 

Stationed  at  Cairo,  Illinois. 

Seized  Paducah,  Kentucky. 

Fought  battle  of  Belmont,  Missouri. 
1862 — Captured  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson. 

Won  battle  of  Shiloh. 
1863— Captured  Vicksburg. 

Made  commander  of  the  Western  Army. 

Won  the  battle  of  Chattanooga. 
1864 — Made  commander  in  chief  of  all  the  armies. 

Took  up  his  headquarters  with  the  Army  of  the  East. 
1865 — Captured  Lee's  army,  which  practically  closed  the  war. 
1868 — Elected  President  of  the  United  States. 
1872 — Was  reelected. 
1877 — Began  a  trip  around  the  world. 

1884 — Lost  all  his  property  by  the  rascality  of  a  business  partner. 
1885 — Wrote  his  Personal  Memoir. 

Died  at  McGregor,  New  York,  July  23. 


49 


CHILDHOOD     OF    ULYSSES    S.     GRANT. 


[From  "Grant,  His  Life  and  Character" — HAMLIN  GARLAND.] 

Ulysses  S.  Grant  was  born  in  a  cabin  home  standing  in  a  little 
village  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  at  a  point  about  twenty- 
five  miles  east,  of  Cincinnati.  This  cabin  stood  comparatively  un- 
changed up  to  the  year  1885,*when  it  was  taken  down  and  removed 
to  Columbus  as  a  relic. 

It  was  a  one-story  building  of  two  very  small  room's,  with  an  out- 
side chimney  at  one  end,  in  the  manner  of  southern  cottages.  In  one 
room  the  family  lived  in  the  daytime,  cooking  at  the  big  fireplace,  and 
eating  at  a  pine  table.  In  the  other  room  they  slept. 

It  was  almost  as  humble  in  appearance  as  the  home  in  which 
Abraham  Lincoln  first  saw  light.  The  village  was  called  Point 
Pleasant,  and  it  was  indeed  a  beautiful  place.  Below  the  door  the 
Ohio  river  curved  away  into  the  blue  distance,  and  behind  it  rose  hills 
covered  with  tall  woods  of  oak  and  walnut  and  ash.'  At  that  time  the 
river  was  the  great  highway,  and  over  its  steel-bright  surface  the  stern- 
wheel  steamers  "Daniel  Boone"  and  "Simon  Kenton"  plied  amid  many 
flatboats,  like  immense  swans  surrounded  by  awkward  waterbugs. 

Ulysses  developed  early  into  a  self-reliant  child,  active  and  healthy. 
He  came  at  the  age  of  seven  to  a  share  in  the  work  about  the  house 
and  yard.  He  began  to  pick  up  chips  and  to  carry  in  the  wood  for  the 
big  fireplace,  quite  like  the  son  of  a  farmer.  He  was  called  "Lys,"  or  in 
the  soft  drawl  of  the  South,  "Lyssus" ;  his  playmates  had  not  yet  begun 
to  find  it  worth  while  to  tease  him  about  his  name.  He  had  wonderful 
love  for  horses,  and  as  soon  as  he  could  toddle  he  delighted  to  go  out 
across  the  yard,  where,  at  the  hitching  poles  before  the  finishing  room 
of  the  tannery,  several  teams  were  almost  always  to  be  found  on 
pleasant  days.  He  crawled  about  between  the  legs  of  the  dozing 
horses,  and  swung  by  their  tails  in  perfect  content,  till  some  timid 
mother  near  by  rushed  in  to  Mrs.  Grant  with  excited  outcry:  "Mrs. 
Grant,  do  you  know  where  your  boy  is  ?  He's  out  there  swinging  on 
the  tails  of  London's  horses  !" 

But  Mrs.  Grant  never  seemed  to  worry  about  Ulysses  in  the  least. 
She  was  not  one  of  those  mothers  whose  maternal  love  casts  a  cor- 
respondingly deep  shadow  of  agonizing  fear.  "When  Ulysses  was 
sick  she  gave  him  a  dose  of  castor  oil,  put  him  to  bed,  and  went 
calmly  about  her  work,  trusting  in  the  Lord  and  the  boy's  constitution," 
one  neighbor  said. 

Mrs.  Grant  saw  that  Ulysses  understood  horses,  and  that  they 
understood  him,  so  she  interfered  very  little  in  his  play  with  the  teams 
across  the  way.  She  was  too  busy  to  have  an  eye  on  his  restless 
activity. 


60 


GEN.  U.   S.   GRANT. 


51 


A    HERO    OF    PEACE    AND    WAR. 


[F.  G.  BLAIR,  Springfield,  Illinois.] 

Not  to  glorify  war  nor  the  heroes  of  war  was  Memorial  Day  set 
apart.  It  was  rather  to  impress  upon  us  and  our  children  the  terrible 
price  which  our  permanent  peace  has  cost,  and  to  keep  constantly 
before  us  the  picture  of  havoc  and  sacrifice  wrought  by  an  appeal  to 
arms.  But,  while  our  dread  and  hatred  of  war  should  increase  with 
every  telling  of  the  story  which  the  day  recalls,  its  proper  observance 
should  also  increase  our  respect  and  devotion  for  these  peace-loving 
men  and  women  who,  with  great  reluctance,  dared  to  choose  the  strife 
of  war  rather  than  the  repose  of  dishonor;  who  hated  war  not  less 
than  we  and  whose  love  for  peace  was  none  the  less,  but  who  hated 
wrong  and  national  disgrace  more  than  they  hated  war,  and  who 
loved  right  and  national  honor  more  than  an  unstable  and  dishonorable 
peace.  Therefore  let  no  one  think  that  these  soldiers  whose  memory 
we  honor  lusted  for  the  blood  of  their  fellow  men  or  took  comfort  in 
the  plunder  of  homes  and  the  destruction  of  cities.  They,  far  more 
vividly  than  we,  saw  the  pity  and  the  agony  of  it  all,  and,  on  battle- 
field and  camping  ground,  longed  anxiously  for  the  dawn  of  peace. 

Thus,  it  is,  that  war  may  become  its  own  worst  enemy  and  its 
great  soldiers  our  best  heralds  of  peace.  It  was  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  the 
great  soldier  of  the  greatest  war  of  all  times,  who  wrote,  "Let  us  have 
peace."  Was  this  a  chance  sentence  that  dropped  from  his  pen?  Did 
the  thought  first  occur  to  him  after  all  opportunities  for  fighting  were 
over?  No.  It  was  his  firm  conviction,  his  heartfelt  desire,  born  with 
him  into  the  world,  deepened  by  the  dread  and  anxiety  of  every  battle, 
burned  into  his  soul  by  the  fire  of  conflict  and  slaughter.  We  are, 
therefore,  most  fortunate  that  in  honoring  him  as  a  great  soldier,  we 
are  also  honoring  him  as  a  great  prophet  of  peace.  And  in  thus  show- 
ing our  respect  for  our  great  soldier  and  commander,  we  shall  also 
show  our  respect  to  all  those  brave  men  whose  courage  and  devotion 
made  the  name  of  Grant  worthy  of  our  honor. 


REMINISCENCES    OF    GEN.  U.    S.    GRANT. 

[By  General  FRED  D.  GRANT.] 


(Read  Before  Illinois  Commandery   Loyal  Legion  of  the  United 
States,  Springfield,  Illinois,  January  27,  1910.) 

Kind  friends,  companions  of  my  father,  I  am  indeed  happy  to 
be  with  you  again,  appreciating  gratefully  your  warm  reception, 
realizing,  however,  that  it  is  not  so  much  for  me  personally,  all  this 
kindness,  as  it  is  in  honor  of  the  memory  of  a  loved  one  gone  before ; 
your  old  commander  and  comrade  in  arms,  General  U.  S.  Grant. 

I  have  written  out  a  few  reminiscences  which  I  venture  to  read, 
as  requested  to-night. 

It  was  my  great  good  fortune  to  be  with  my  father,  close  at  his 
side,  much  of  the  time  during  the  Civil  War,  when  I  had  the  oppor- 
tunity of  seeing  and  listening  to  many  of  the  noble  and  distinguished 
men,  who  were  loyally  serving  their  country  during  that  great 
struggle;  thus  I  had  the  honor  and  happiness  of  seeing  and  meet- 
ing our  revered  and  martyred  president,  Abraham  Lincoln. 

In  looking  back  to  those  dark  days  of  the  Civil  War,  I  have 
distinct  personal  recollections,  of  the  first  two  meetings  between 
President  Lincoln  and  my  father,  General  U.  S.  Grant.  These  two 
occasions  seem,  to  my  mind,  the  most  momentous  and  memorable 
in  the  history  of  our  Nation,  as  these  meetings  marked  the  begin- 
ning of  the  end  of  our  great  struggle  for  the  existence  of  our 
Nation. 

The  principal  and  determined  efforts  of  President  Lincoln's 
administration  were  directed  to  the  preservation  of  the  Union, 
which  naturally,  could  not  be  accomplished  without  the  success  of 
the  Union  armies  in  the  field.  Up  to  the  spring  of  1864  the  progress 
of  the  Civil  War  had  not  been  satisfactory  to  the  people  of  the 
North,  and  little  success  had  been  accomplished,  except  in  the 
victories  at  Donelson,  Vicksburg  and  Chattanooga. 

After  the  Campaign  of  Chattanooga,  the  president  and  the 
people  of  the  United  States  turned  impulsively  to  General  Grant 
as  the  leader  of  the  Union  armies,  and  a  bill  was  introduced  in 
Congress,  reviving  for  him  the  grade  of  lieutenant-general,  which 
grade  had  died  with  Washington  (though  Scott  had  held  it  by 
brevet).  The  enthusiastic  members  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives received  the  bill  with  applause.  They  made  no  concealment 
of  their  wishes,  and  recommended  Grant  by  name  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  lieutenant-general.  The  bill  passed  the  house  by  a  two- 
thirds  majority,  and  the  senate  with  only  six  dissenting  votes. 

President  Lincoln  seemed  impatient  to  put  Grant  in  this  high 
grade,  and  said  he  desired  to  do  so  to  relieve  himself  from  the  responsi- 


53 

bilities  of  managing  the  military  forces.-  He  sent  the  nomination 
to  the  senate,  and  General  Grant,  who  was  at  Nashville,  received 
an  order  from  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  report  in  person  at  Wash- 
ington. In  compliance  with  this  order,  he  left  Chattanooga  on 
March  5,  for  Washington,  taking  with  him  some  members  of  his 
staff.  My  father  also  allowed  me  to  accompany  him  there,  I  hav- 
ing been  with  him  during  the  Vicksburg  campaign  and  at  Donelson. 
He  reached  Washington  in  the  afternoon  of  March  7,  and  went 

direct  to  the  Willard's  hotel. 

******* 

Senator  Simon  Cameron,  of  Pennsylvania,  ex-Secretary  of  War, 
soon  called  at  the  Willard's  hotel  for  my  father,  and  accompanied 
him,  with  his  staff,  to  the  White  House,  where  President  and  Mrs. 
Lincoln  were  holding  a  reception. 

As  my  father  entered  the  drawing-room  door,  at  the  White 
House,  the  other  visitors  fell  back  in  silence,  and  President  Lincoln 
received  my  father  most  cordially,  taking  both  his  hands,  and 
saying,  "I  am  most  delighted  to  see  you,  General."  I  myself,  shall 
never  forget  this  first  meeting  of  Lincoln  and  Grant.  It  was  an 
impressive  affair,  for  there  stood  the  executive  of  this  great  nation, 
welcoming  the  commander  of  its  armies.  I  see  them  now  before 
me,  Lincoln,  tall,  thin  and  impressive,  with  deeply-lined  face,  and 
his  strong  sad  eyes ;  Grant,  compact,  of  good  size,  but  looking  small 
beside  the  president,  with  his  broad,  square  head  and  compressed 
lips — decisive  and  resolute.  This  was  a  thrilling  moment,  for  in  the 
hands  of  these  two  men  was  the  destiny  of  our  country.  Their 
work  was  in  cooperation,  for  the  preservation  of  our  great  nation, 
and  for  the  liberty  of  man.  They  remained  talking  together  for  a 
few  moments,  and  then  General  Grant  passed  on  into  the  East 
room,  with  the  crowd  which  surrounded  and  cheered  him  wildly, 
and  all  present  were  eager  to  press  his  hand.  The  guests  present 
forced  him  to  stand  upon  a  sofa,  insisting  that  he  could  be  better 
seen  by  all.  I  remember  that  my  father,  of  whom  they  wished  to 
make  a  hero,  blushed  most  modestly  at  these  enthusiastic  atten- 
tions; all  present  joining  in  expressions  of  affection  and  applause. 
Soon  a  messenger  reached  my  father,  calling  him  back  to  the  side 
of  Mrs.  Lincoln,  and  with  her  he  made  a  tour  of  the  reception 
rooms  followed  by  President  Lincoln,  whose  noble,  rugged  face 
beamed  with  pleasure  and  gratification. 

When  an  opportunity  presented  itself  for  them  to  speak 
privately,  President  Lincoln  said  to  my  father :  "I  am  to  formally 
present  you  your  commission  to-morrow  morning  at  10  o'clock,  and 
knowing,  General,  your  dread  of  speaking,  I  have  written  out  what 
I  have  to  say,  and  will  read  it,  and  it  will  only  be  four  or  five  sen- 
tences. I  would  like  you  to  say  something  in  reply  which  will 
soothe  the  feeling  of  jealously  among  the  officers,  and  be  encourag- 
ing to  the  Nation."  Thus  spoke  this  great  and  noble  peacemaker 
to  the  General  who  so  heartily  coincided  with  him  in  sentiments 

and  work  for  union  and  peace. 

******* 

Father  proceeded  to  the  White  House  a  few  minutes  before  10 
o'clock  the  next  morning,  permitting  me  to  accompany  him.  Upon 


54 

arriving  there,  General  Grant  and  his  staff  were  ushered  into  the 
President's  office,  which  I  remember  was  the  room  immediately  above 
what  is  known  now  as  the  Green  Room  of  the  Executive  mansion. 
There,  the  President  and  his  cabinet  were  assembled,  and  after  a  short 
and  informal  greeting,  all  standing,  the  President  faced  General  Grant, 
and  from  a  sheet  of  paper,  read  the  following : 

"General  Grant:  The  Nation's  appreciation  of  what  you  have 
done,  and  its  reliance  upon  you  for  what  remains  to  be  done  in  the 
existing  great  struggle,  are  now  presented,  with  this  commission,  con- 
stituting you  lieutenant-general  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 
With  this  high  honor  devolves  upon  you,  also,  a  corresponding  responsi- 
bility. As  the  country  herein  trusts  you,  so,  under  God,  it  will  sustain 
you.  I  scarcely  need  to  add,  that  with  what  I  here  speak,  goes  my 
hearty  concurrence." 

My  father  taking  from  his  pocket  a  sheet  of  paper  containing  the 
words  that  he  had  written  the  night  before,  read  quietly  and  modestly 
to  the  President  and  his  Cabinet : 

"Mr.  President,  I  accept  the  commission  with  gratitude  for  the 
high  honor  conferred.  With  the  aid  of  the  noble  armies  that  have 
fought  in  so  many  fields  for  our  common  country,  it  will  be  my  earnest 
endeavor  not  to  disappoint  your  expectations.  I  feel  the  full  weight 
of  the  responsibilities  now  devolving  upon  me,  and  I  know  that  if 
they  are  met,  it  will  be  due  to  those  armies,  and,  above  all,  to  the  favor 
of  that  Providence,  which  leads  both  nations  and  men." 

President  Lincoln  seemed  to  be  profoundly  happy,  and  General 
Grant  deeply  gratified.  It  was  a  supreme  moment  when  these  two 
patriots  shook  hands  in  confirming  the  compact  that  was  to  finish  our 
terrible  Civil  War,  and  to  save  our  united  country,  and  to  give  us  a 
nation,  without  master  and  without  slave. 

From  the  time  of  these  meetings,  the  friendship  between  the  Presi- 
dent and  my  father  was  most  close  and  loyal.  President  Lincoln 
seemed  to  have  absolute  confidence  in  General  Grant  and  my  father 
always  spoke  of  the  President  with  the  deepest  admiration  and  affec- 
tion. This  affection  and  loyal  confidence  was  maintained  between 

them  until  their  lives  ended. 

******* 

I  remember  with  utmost  interest  my  life  and  all  of  the  in- 
cidents when  with  my  father  and  his  comrades  during  the  Civil 
War,  and  I  recall  with  deepest  affection  the  men  whom  I  met  in 
the  army.  Much  of  my  time  was  spent  among  the  private  soldiers, 
who  were  never  too  tired  or  worn  out  to  comfort  and  pet  the  boy 
of  thirteen — the  son  of  the  "Old  Man."  Young  as  I  was  then,  my 
camp  life  was  of  such  nature — I  saw  so  much  of  the  hardships,  the 
self-denials,  the  sufferings  and  labors  of  both  privates  and  officers — 
that  my  proudest  moments  are  when  I  am  associating  with  the  old 
warriors — the  veteran  comrades  of  my  father. 


55 

GRANT    TAKES    COMMAND    OF    THE    TWENTY-FIRST 

ILLINOIS. 


[From  "Grant,  His  Life  and  Character" — HAMLIN  GARLAND.] 

It  was  Logan  who  accompanied  Colonel  Grant  to  the  camp,  and  on 
the  way  out  said : 

"Colonel,  the  regiment  is  a  little  unruly.  Do  you  think  you  can 
manage  them  ?" 

"I  think  I  can,"  was  the  quiet  reply. 

In  the  amphitheater  of  the  State  fair  grounds,  which  formed 
Camp  Yates,  they  found  the  troops  assembled  like  an  audience,  ready 
to  enjoy  and  applaud  the  speeches  of  the  famous  orators,  and  inci- 
dentally to  greet  their  new  colonel. 

McClernand  spoke  first.  After  a  vigorous  and  florid  speech  teem- 
ing with  historical  allusion,  he  concluded :  "Having  said  this  much, 
allow  me,  Illinoisans,  to  present  to  you  my  friend  and  colleague  in 
Congress,  the  Hon.  John  A.  Logan.  He  is  gifted  with  eloquence  and 
will  rouse  you  to  feel  as  the  Athenians  felt  under  the  eloquence  of 
Demosthenes.  They  asked  to  be  immediately  led  against  Philip." 

Mr.  Logan  was  greeted  with  cheers,  and  in  the  course  of  his  ad- 
dress spoke  of  the  vile  partisan  assaults  which  had  been  made  on  him, 
and  urged  that  it  was  the  private  duty  of  every  man  to  rally  to  the  flag ; 
and  the  loyalty  of  his  audience  rolled  back  in  thunderous  applause.  He 
urged  the  regiment,  when  the  time  came  to  exchange  their  short  time 
State  service  for  enlistment  in  the  National  army,  to  move  as  one  man. 

"You  can't  fall  out  now,"  he  said  with  a  sudden  change  of  tone. 
"If  you  go  home  now  to  Mary,  she  will  say,  'Why,  Tom,  are  you  home 
from  the  war  so  soon  ?'  '  How  far  did  you  get  ?'  'Mattoon.'  " 

The  sarcasm  in  his  slurring  utterance  of  the  word  "Mattoon"  was  an- 
swered by  hearty  laughter — laughter  which  turned  many  a  holiday  militia- 
man into  a  resolute  soldier.  With  a  final  appeal  to  their  patriotism  and  valor, 
he  introduced  and  led  forward  the  imperturbed  colonel,  who  remained 
in  changeless  attitude  for  nearly  two  hours  at  the  back  of  the  platform. 

"Allow  me  to  present  to  you  your  new  commander,  Colonel 
U.  S.  Grant." 

Many  of  the  soldiers  observed  him  for  the  first  time.  They 
were  astonished  and  disappointed.  Logan  towered  majestically 
erect,  powerful,  handsome,  with  coal-black  hair  and  flashing  eyes ; 
by  his  side  Grant  in  plain  citizen's  clothes,  seemed  poor  and  weak. 
He  looked  like  a  grave  and  thoughtful  doctor,  who  had  been 
weather  beaten  in  storms  and  saddened  by  scenes  of  human  suffer- 
ing, and  was  entirely  lacking  in  martial  bearing.  However,  some 
enthusiast  raised  a  cheer,  and  there  were  loud  calls  for  a  speech. 

"Grant !    Grant !" 

"Grant !    A  speech." 

He  walked  a  step  or  two  toward  them,  and  the  men  became  silent. 
They  were  accustomed  to  speeches,  to  bombastic  appeals,  and  were 
eager  to  test  his  quality.  At  last  he  spoke,  not  loud,  but  clear  and  calm, 
and  with  a  peculiar  quality^  and  inflection  which  surprised  and  ^  im- 
pressed every  officer  and  ga've  the  whole  regiment  a  new  sensation : 

"Men,  go  to  your  quarters." 

The  men  sat  dazed,  astounded.  It  took  time  to  grasp  its  entire 
significance.  In  the  clip  of  this  man's  lips,  in  the  clear  cut  utter- 
ance of  his  command,  and  in  the  subtle  inflection  of  his  voice  was 
made  manifest  the  natural  commander  of  men.  The  time  for 
oratory  was  past.  The  period  of  action  had  come. 


56 
GRANT'S  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  MEETING  WITH  LINCOLN. 


[From  "Campaigning  With  Grant" — HORACE  PORTER.] 

He  then  spoke  of  his  experiences  with  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  the 
very  favorable  impression  the  President  had  made  upon  him.  He  said : 
"In  the  first  interview  I  had  with  the  President,  when  no  others 
were  present,  and  he  could  talk  freely,  he  told  me  that  he  did  not 
pretend  to  know  anything  about  the  handling  of  the  troops,  and 
it  was  with  the  greatest  reluctance  that  he  ever  interfered  with 
the  movements  of  army  commanders;  but  he  had  common  sense 
enough  to  know  that  celerity  was  absolutely  necessary ;  that  while 
armies  were  sitting  down  waiting  for  opportunities  to  turn  up 
which  might,  perhaps,  be  more  favorable  from  a  strictly  military 
point  of  view,  the  government  w7as  spending  millions  of  dollars 
every  day;  that  there  was  a  limit  to  the  sinews  of  war,  and  a  time 
might  be  reached  when  the  spirits  and  resources  of  the  people 
would  become  exhausted.  He  had  always  contended  that  these 
considerations  should  be  taken  into  account,  as  well  as  purely  mil- 
itary questions,  and  that  he  adopted  the  plan  of  issuing  his  'execu- 
tive orders'  principally  for  the  purpose  of  hurrying  the  movements 
of  commanding  generals ;  but  that  he  believed  I  knew  the  value  of 
minutes,  and  that  he  was  not  going  to  interfere  with  my  operations. 
He  said  further,  that  he  did  not  want  to  know  my  plans ;  that  it 
was,  perhaps,  better  that  he  should  not  know  them,  for  everybody 
he  met  was  trying  to  find  out  from  him  something  about  the  con- 
templated movements,  and  there  was  always  a  temptation  'to 
leak.'  I  have  not  communicated  my  plans  to  him  or  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  War.  The  only  suggestion  the  President  made,  and  it  was 
merely  a  suggestion,  not  a  definite  plan,  was  entirely  impracticable, 
and  it  was  not  again  referred  to  in  our  conversations.  He  told  me 
in  our  first  private  interview  a  most  amusing  anecdote  regarding  a 
delegation  of  'cross-roads  wiseacres,'  as  he  called  them,  who  came 
to  see  him  one  day  to  criticize  my  conduct  in  paroling  Pemberton's 
army  after  the  surrender  at  Vicksburg,  who  insisted  that  the  men 
would  violate  their  paroles,  and  in  less  than  a  month  confront  me 
inew  in  the  field,  and  have  to  be  whipped  all  over  aeain.  Said  Mr. 
Lincoln :  'I  thought  the  best  wav  to  get  rid  of  them  was  to  tell 
them  the  story  of  Sykes's  dog.'  'Have  you  ever  heard  of  Sykes's 
vellow  dog?'  said  I  to  the  spokesman  of  the  delegation.  He  said 
he  hadn't.  'Well,  I  must  tell  you  about  him,'  said  I.  'Sykes  had 
a  yellow  dog  he  set  great  store  by.  but  there  were  a  lot  of  small 
boys  around  the  village,  and  that's  always  a  bad  thing  for  dogs,  you 
know.  These  boys  didn't  share  Sykes's  views  and  they  were  not 
disposed  to  let  the  dog  have  a  fair  show.  Even  Sykes  had  to  admit 
that  the  dog  was  getting  unpopular ;  in  fact,  it  was  soon  seen  that 
a  prejudice  was  growing  up  against  that  dog  that  threatened  to 
wreck  all  his  future  prospects  in  life.  The  boys,  after  meditating 
how  they  could  get  the  best  of  him,  finally  fixed  up  a  cartridge  with 
a  long  fuse,  put  the  cartridge  in  a  piece"  ef  meat,  dropped  the  meat 
in  the  road  in  front  of  Sykes's  door,  and  then  perched  themselves 
on  a  fence  a  good  distance  off,  holding  the  end  of  the  fuse  in  their 
hands.  Then  they  whistled  for  the  dog.  When  he  came  out  he 
scented  the  bait,  and  bolted  the  meat,  cartridge  and  all.  The  boys 
touched  off  the  fuse  with  a  cigar,  and  in  about  a  second  a  report 
came  from  that  dog  that  sounded  like  a  dap  of  thunder.  Sykes 


57 

came  bouncing  out  of  the  house  and  yelled,  'What's  up?  Anything 
busted?'  There  was  no  reply,  except  a  snicker  from  the  small  boys 
roosting  on  the  fence,  but  as  Sykes  looked  up  he  saw  the  whole 
air  filled  with  pieces  of  yellow  dog.  He  picked  up  the  biggest 
piece  he  could  find,  a  portion  of  the  back  with  a  part  of  the  tail 
hanging  to  it,  and  after  turning  it  around  and  looking  it  all  over, 
he  said,  'Well,  I  guess  he'll  never  be  much  account  again  as  a 
dog.'  And  I  guess  Pemberton's  forces  will  never  be  much  account 
again  as  an  army.'  The  delegation  began  looking  around  for  their 
hats  before  I  had  quite  got  to  the  end  of  my  story,  but  I  was  never 
bothered  any  more  after  that  about  superseding  the  commander  of 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee." 

The  general  related  this  anecdote  with  more  animation  than 
he  usually  displayed,  and  with  the  manifestation  of  a  keen  sense  of 
the  humorous,  and  remarked  afterward,  "But  no  one  who  does  not 
possess  the  President's  unequaled  powers  of  mimicry  can  pretend  to 
convey  an  idea  of  the  amusing  manner  in  which  he  told  the  story." 


/V 

t-tj    fri*sis-t~t  _     JLf  fcsfZjts^i)  ^t    0si~ 

e  / 

/>uy    /i^n^-e^    £o     o^Lv^> 


58 


59 


A  LETTER  FROM  GENERAL  GRANT'S  DAUGHTER. 
1130  Lake  Shore  Drive. 

Chicago,  April  20,  1916. 

Honorable  F.  G.  Blair,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Spring- 
field, Illinois. 

DEAR  SIR:  You  earnestly  request  me  to  write  a  letter  about  my 
father,  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  to  be  printed  in  your  Memorial  Day  pamphlet 
for  the  use  of  the  children  in  the  public  schools  of  Illinois. 

I  am  so  grateful  for  the  many  proofs  of  affectionate  esteem  in 
which  the  people  of  Illinois  remember  my  father  that  I  am  anxious 
to  comply  with  your  request,  difficult  as  it  is  for  me  to  tell  the  school 
children  anything  about  my  father  which  has  not  been  told  in  the 
many  books  published  about  him. 

Doubtless,  the  school  children  think  more  frequently  of  him  as 
General  Grant,  and  while  I  should  want  them  to  remember  and  honor 
him  for  his  services  to  our  country  as  a  soldier,  I  would  not  want  them 
to  think  of  him  only  as  a  fighting  man  who  loved  war  for  war's  sake, 
but  rather  as  one  with  a  deep  sense  of  duty  to  his  country,  fighting 
to  save  and  preserve  it. 

My  father  loved  peace  and  hated  war,  but  he  loved  this  country 
and  was  devoted  to  its  high  purposes,  and  believed  it  to  be  the  duty  of 
every  able-bodied  citizen  of  the  United  States  to  give  loyally  and 
promptly  his  services  when  this  country  is  attacked  and  the  life  of  this 
Republic  is  threatened. 

My  father  took  great  interest  in  our  schools  and  was  anxious  his 
children  should  apply  themselves  diligently  to  their  studies.  If  we 
were  interested  in  some  subject  or  he  thought  we  should  be  and  might 
not  understand  it,  he  was  never  too  busy  with  more  important  affairs 
to  patiently  and  clearly  explain  it  to  us. 

My  father  would  not  tolerate  in  the  family  idle  gossip  and  dis- 
agreeable criticism  of  others.  His  rule  was  if  one  could  not  speak 
kindly  and  favorably  of  another,  to  say  nothing. 

His  sense  of  fairness  in  judging  men  and  their  acts  was  admir- 
able— free  from  prejudice  and  bitterness.  Even  when  one  who  had 
unjustly  criticised  him  was  involved,  he  would  calmly  and  free  from 
anger  decide  upon  the  merits  of  the  case  from  the  facts  before  him, 
and  this  was  his  attitude  of  mind  if  the  same  were  discussed  in  the 
family  circle  where  one  usually  speaks  more  freely  and  unreservedly. 

These  were  some  of  the  characterists  of  my  father  which  made 
a  deep  impression  on  me. 

With  all  good  wishes  for  the  school  children  everywhere,  I  am, 

Yours  very  truly, 

(Signed)  NELLIE  GRANT  JONES. 


60 


61 
ORATION    ON    U.  S.  GRANT. 


[By  JOHN  A.  LOGAN.] 

The  silent  chief,  whose  work  is  destined  to  influence  posterity 
to  the  latest  syllable  of  recorded  time,  has  gone  to  his  couch,  and 
neither  the  call  of  his  country  nor  the  siren  beckoning  of  earthly 
glory  will  e'er  break  the  soundness  of  his  sleep  upon  this  hither  side 
of  eternity.  .The  mortal  remains  of  Ulysses  S.  Grant  repose  in  peace 
beneath  the  weeping  vault  of  yonder  tomb.  The  ravages  of  time  will 
reduce  them  to  ashes,  and  the  lapse  of  ages  will  transform  those  ashes 
to  other  forms  of  matter ;  all  that  was  earthly  of  that  noble  figure  will 
change  its  form  of  materiality,  and  at  last  the  mere  personality  of 
Grant  will  be  extinguished  and  forever  lost  to  human  gaze. 

But,  my  friends,  the  supreme  work  that  our  now  sleeping  hero 
performed  will  endure  until  the  wrecking  of  the  human  race  shall  leave 
this  planet  a  mere  counterpoise  of  the  other  mighty  worlds  that  pursue 
their  ceaseless  roll  around  the  blazing  orb  of  light  and  day,  waiting 
their  appointed  time  to  cast  themselves  into  their  sire's  arms. 

Friends,  this  noble  man's  work  needs  no  monument,  no  written  scroll, 
in  order  that  it  may  be  perpetuated.  It  is  higher  than  the  dome  of  St.  Paul's, 
loftier  than  St.  Peter's  ;  it  rears  itself  above  the  pyramids ;  it  soars  beyond 
the  highest  mountain  tops,  and  it  is  written  in  letters  of  the  sunbeam 
across  the  blue  arch  that  forever  looks  down  upon  the  busy  tribes  of  men. 

It  were  a  task  of  supererogation  to  repeat  at  such  a  time  the  fasci- 
nating story  of  this  great  man's  life,  or  with  careful  hand  to  trace  his 
career  from  the  period  when,  taking  command  of  the  Twenty-first  regi- 
ment of  Illinois  volunteers  as  its  colonel,  that  career  began  until  as  lieu- 
tenant-general of  the  armies  of  the  United  States,  he  received  the  sword 
that  misguided  men  had  placed  against  the  breast  of  new-born  Liberty. 

It  has  been  justly  observed  that  no  substantial  success  attended 
the  Union  arms  until  the  historic  proclamation  of  emancipation 
had  been  promulgated,  and  it  may  well  be  added  that  no  compre- 
hensive plan  for  the  final  crushing  of  the  enemy  was  conceived 
until  the  mighty  chieftain  to  whose  tomb  we  are  this  day  sorrowing 
pilgrims  was  placed  in  position  by  the  immortal  Lincoln  to  lead 
the  Union  hosts  to  a  certain  and  final  triumph. 

In  the  dark  hours  of  1861  a  star  arose  in  the  heavens  that,  beginning 
its  flight  from  Belmont,  took  within  its  orbit  Fort  Henry  and  Fort  Don- 
elson,  Pittsburg  Landing,  Corinth,  Port  Gibson,  Raymond,  Jackson, 
Champion  Hills,  Black  River  and  Vicksburg,  where  for  a  short  time  it 
paused.  Renewing  its  rapid  course,  it  winged  its  way  to  Lookout  Moun- 
tain and  to  Mission  Ridge,  when  it  came  to  rest  directly  over  the  head  of 
the  man  whose  name  had  been  written  in  the  book  of  Fate  as  the  instru- 
ment to  snatch  from  destruction  the  offspring  of  all  the  preceding  ages. 

From  the  moment  that  Grant  was  invested  with  the  supreme  com- 
mand, the  triumph  of  the  Union  arms  became  a  simple  question  of  time. 
An  unlooked-for  chance  might  postpone  it ;  but  as  well  might  it  be  at- 
tempted to  turn  the  avalanche  in  its  overwhelming  crash  as  to  avert  the 
force  of  those  irresistible  hosts  that,  under  the  direction  of  an  appointed 
genius,  were  fatally  enveloping  the  armies  of  resistance.  From  Chatta- 
nooga to  Atlanta,  and  from  the  Wilderness  to  Richmond,  some  of  the 
most  brilliant  military  movements,  and  many  of  the  most  gallant  battles 
ever  fought,  adorned  the  Union  generalship  and  arms. 


THE  HOUSE  IN  WHICH  GEN.  R.  E.  LEE  SURRENDERED  TO  GEN.  U.  S. 

GRANT. 


FUNERAL  ORATION  ON  GENERAL  GRANT. 


[By  FREDERICK  WILLIAM  FARRAR,  Delivered  in  Westminster  Abbey, 

London,  August  4,  1885.] 

When  Abraham  Lincoln  sat,  book '  in  hand,  day  after  day, 
under  the  tree,  moving  round  it  as  the  shadow  crossed,  absorbed 
in  mastering  his  task ;  when  James  Garfield  rang  the  bell  at  Hiram 
Institute  on  the  very  stroke  of  the  hour,  and  swept  the  schoolroom 
as  faithfully  as  he  mastered  his  Greek  lesson ;  when  Ulysses  Grant, 
sent  with  his  team  to  meet  some  men  who  came  to  load  his  cart 
with  logs,  and,  finding  no  men,  loaded  the  cart  with  his  own  boy's 
strength,  they  showed  in  the  conscientious  performance  of  duty  the 
qualities  which  were  to  raise  them  to  become  kings  of  men.  When 
John  Adams  was  told  that  his  son,  John  Quincy  Adams,  had  been 
elected  President  of  the  United  States,  he  said:  "He  has  always 
been  laborious,  child  and  man,  from  infancy." 


63 
TRIBUTE     TO     GENERAL     GRANT. 


[Speech  of  Horace  Porter  at  the  banquet  of  the  Army  of  the  Ten- 
nessee, upon  the  occasion  of  the  inauguration  of  the  Grant 
Equestrian  Statue  in  Chicago,  October  8,  1891.] 

Almost  all  the  conspicuous  characters  in  history  have  risen 
to  prominence  by  gradual  steps,  but  Ulysses  S.  Grant  seemed  to 
come  before  the  people  with  a  sudden  bound.  Almost  the  first 
sight  they  caught  of  him  was  in  the  flashes  of  his  guns,  and  the 
blaze  of  his  camp  fires,  those  wintry  days  and  nights  in  front  of 
Donelson.  From  that  hour  until  the  closing  triumph  at  Appomat- 
tox  he  was  the  leader  whose  name  was  the  harbinger  of  victory. 
From  the  final  sheath  of  his  sword  until  the  tragedy  on  Mount 
McGregor  he  was  the  chief  citizen  of  the  Republic  and  the  great 
central  figure  of  the  world.  The  story  of  his  life  savors  more  of 
romance  than  reality.  It  is  more  like  a  fabled  tale  of  ancient  days 
than  the  history  of  an  American  citizen  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
As  light  and  shade  produce  the  most  attractive  effects  in  a  picture 
so  the  singular  contrasts,  the  strange  vicissitudes  in  his  marvellous 
career,  surround  him  with  an  interest  which  attaches  to  few  char- 
acters in  history.  His  rise  from  an  obscure  lieutenancy  to  the 
command  of  the  veteran  armies  of  the  Republic ;  his  transition  from 
a  frontier  post  of  the  untrodden  West  to  the  executive  mansion  of 
the  Nation ;  his  sitting  at  one  time  in  his  little  store  in  Galena,  not 
even  known  to  the  congressman  from  his  own  district ;  at  another 
time  striding  through  the  palaces  of  the  Old  World,  with  the 
descendants  of  a  line  of  kings  rising  and  standing  uncovered  in  his 
presence — these  are  some  of  the  features  of  his  extraordinary  career 
which  appeal  to  the  imagination,  excite  men's  wonder,  and  fascinate 
all  who  read  the  story  of  his  life. 


SOME  SAYINGS  OF  GENERAL  U.  S.  GRANT. 


"If  our  country  could  be  saved  or  ruined  by  the  efforts  of  one 
man,  we  should  not  have  a  country.  What  saved  the  Union  was 
the  coming  forward  of  the  young  men  of  the  Nation.  They  came 
from  their  homes  and  their  fields  as  they  did  in  the  time  of  the 
Revolution,  giving  everything  to  the  country." 

"Although  a  soldier  by  education  and  profession,  I  have  never 
felt  any  sort  of  fondness  for  war,  and  have  never  advocated  it 
except  as  a  means  of  peace." 

"The  truth  is,  I  am  more  of  a  farmer  than  a  soldier;  I  take 
little  interest  in  military  affairs;  and  although  I  entered  the  army 
thirty-five  years  ago,  and  have  been  in  two  wars,  I  never  went 
into  the  army  without  regret,  and  never  retired  without  pleasure." 


64 
TRIBUTE     TO     GENERAL     GRANT. 


[Speech  of  Horace  Porter  at  the  banquet  of  the  Army  of  the  Ten- 
nessee, upon  the  occasion  of  the  inauguration  of  the  Grant 
Equestrian  Statue  in  Chicago,  October  8,  1891.] 

An  indescribably  touching  incident  happened  which  will  ever 
be  memorable  and  which  never  can  be  effaced  from  the  memory 
of  those  who  witnessed  it.  Even  at  this  late  date  I  can  scarcely 
trust  my  own  feelings  to  recall  it.  It  was  on  Decoration  Day  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  the  last  one  he  ever  saw  on*earth.  That  morn- 
ing the  members  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  the  veterans 
in  that  vicinity,  arose  earlier  than  was  their  wont.  They  seemed 
to  spend  more  time  that  morning  in  unfurling  the  old  battle  flags, 
in  burnishing  the  medals  of  honor  which  decorated  their  breasts, 
for  on  that  day  they  had  determined  to  march  by  the  house  of  their 
dying  commander  to  give  him  a  last  marching  salute.  In  the 
streets  the  columns  were  forming;  inside  the  house  on  the  bed, 
from  which  he  was  never  to  rise  again,  lay  the  stricken  chief.  The 
hand  which  had  seized  the  surrendered  swords  of  countless  thou- 
sands could  scarcely  return  the  pressure  of  the  friendly  grasp.  The 
voice  which  had  cheered  on  to  triumphant  victory  the  legions  of 
America's  manhood,  could  no  longer  call  for  the  cooling  draught 
which  slaked  the  thirst  of  a  fevered  tongue ;  and  prostrate  on  that 
bed  of  anguish  lay  the.  form  which  in  the  New  World  had  ridden 
at  the  head  of  the  conquering  column,  which-  in  the  Old  World 
had  been  deemed  worthy  to  stand  with  head  covered  and  feet 
sandaled  in  the  presence  of  princes,  kings,  and  emperors.  Now 
his  ear  caught  the  sound  of  martial  music.  Bands  were  playing 
the  same  strains  which  had  mingled  with  the  echoes  of  his  guns 
at  Vicksburg,  the  same  quicksteps  to  which  his  men  had  sped  in 
hot  haste  in  pursuit  of  Lee  through  Virginia.  And  then  came  the 
heavy,  measured  steps  of  moving  columns,  a  step  which  can  be 
acquired  only  by  years  of  service  in  the  field.  He  recognized  it  all 
now.  It  was  the  tread  of  his  old  veterans.  With  his  little  remain- 
ing strength  he  arose  and  dragged  himself  to  the  window.  As  he 
gazed  upon  those  battle  flags  dipping  to  him  in  salute,  those 
precious  standards  bullet-riddled,  battle-stained,  but  remnants  of 
their  former  selves,  with  scarcely  enough,  left  of  them  on  which  to 
print  the  names  of  the  battles  they  had  seen,  his  eyes  once  more 
kindled  .with  the  flames  which  had  lighted  them  at  Shiloh,  on  the 
heights  of  Chattanooga,  amid  the  glories  of  Appomattox;  and  as 
those  war-scarred  veterans  looked  with  uncovered  heads  and  up- 
turned faces  for  the  last  time  upon  the  pallid  features  of  their  old 
chief,  cheeks  which  had  beerr  bronzed  by  southern  suns  and  be- 
grimed with  powder  were  bathed  in  the  »tears  of  a  manly  grief. 
Soon  they  saw  rising  the  hand  which  had  so  often  pointed  out  to 
them  the  path  of  victory.  He  raised  it  slowly  and  painfully  to  his 
head  in  recognition  of  their  salutations.  The  column  had  passed, 
the  hand  fell  heavily  by  his  side.  It  was  his  last  military  salute. 


